Mizo Tawng Pianto leh Thumal Siam Phung

I.                   Sawihawnna:

|awng chi hrang hrang hian nihphung te, kalphung te, danglam bikna te, mawina te, \hat bikna te leh tlakchham bik te an nei vek a. Kan \awng ngei pawh hi mithiam te zirchianna a zarah a nihphung kan hre th<k ta viau mai.

|awng hi hnam identity a nih bakah min phuarkhawmtu a ni a, Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrangin kan hman tlanglawn ber chu ‘Duhlian |awng’, tuna ‘Mizo |awng’ tia kan sawi tak deuh ber hi a ni a.  Chutih laiin Mizo |awng hi Duhlian |awng chauh a ni tihna lam a ni lo thung. Mi nawlpui hman tlangl^wn leh hmangtu tam ber a nih a vangin inbiak pawh nan a \angkai ber a, hei vang hian Mizo \awnga kan chhiar zinga \awng tam zawkte hi Duhlian \awng a ni tihna a ni.

British barhluih ramri avanga Zohnahthlak hnam in\hen darh tawh zai khata kan luan khawm leh theih nana pawimawh tak chu ‘politics’ piah lamah ‘linguistic’ hi a ni kan ti thei hial ang a. Hei vang hian Zohnahthlak \awng (dialect) hrang hrang pawh chhunfin a, \awng changtlung lehzuala siam hi kan tih makmawh ni pawhin a lang bawk.

Mizo \awng hi khawvel huapah pawh a duai bik dawn lova hretu, amah pawhin hnam dang \awng mawi a\anga lehkhabu letlinga Mizo \awng mawi tak taka chhep thiam J.F Laldailova(Fam) chuan, “Kan Duhlian \awng hi kan hnam phu tawkah chuan \awng famkim ber pawl a ni a; khawvel \awng mawi ber zinga mi a nih pawh ka ring. Grik \awng hi chu kan tluk lovang a; Hebrai erawh hi chu kan khum hial ka ring a ni” ti hialin a lo sawi a. (Mafaa Hauhnar,13) Hei hian Mizo |awng duai bik loh zia leh thil chi hrang hrang sawina atana a hausak ve tawk zia a tarlang thaw khat chiang hle.

|awng hi thilnung (living creature) a ni an ti \hin a, hei vang hian \awng hi a thi thei tih leh \awng thar hi lo piang thei a ni tih a chiang thawkhat hle mai. Hmanlai mite \awng hman leh tunlai huna kan \awng hman pawh a danglamna a tam tawh viau mai a. Chutih rualin tunlai hunah chuan \awng hi uluk takin an hmang tawh meuh lova, heivang hian ram leh hnamin \awng chungchangah harsatna nasa tak an tawh phah hial a ni.

Engpawh nise khawvel awm chhung chuan \awng hian a pawimawhna a hloh ngai dawn lova, inbiak pawh nan te, zirna atan te, sumdawnna atan te leh thil \ul hrang hrang tam takah \awng hian tawp chin nei lovin  mihringteah pawimawhna a nei reng dawn a ni.

II.                Zo\awng |obul:

Mizo hnahthlak \awng lo chhuahna nia hriat hlat theih ber chu Austric \awng hi a ni. Austric \awng pawh hi chi thumin an \hen leh a, chungte chu- Sino-Tibetan (Chinsese-Tibetan), Austro-Thai leh Austro-Asiatic tiin. Chin (Mizo te chhuahna) \awng nen a thl<k hi sawiselbo deuh thawin a in ang hlawm niin Prof.G.H.Luce chuan a sawi.

Mizote hi Mongol hnam (race) hlawm lianpui zinga a zungzam ‘Mongoloid’ thlah kan ni a. Mongol te chuan Indo-Chinese \awng an hmang hlawm a. Chu chu hlawm lian deuh pahnih ‘Mon-Khmer’ leh ‘Tibeto-Burman’ tiin an \hen leh a. Tichuan mithiam (Linguistic) te chuan Mizo \awng hi Tibeto-Burman zingah an telh a ni.

Mizo \awng an dahna hlawm lian Tibeto-Burman hi Austric \awng kal zel zingah Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto Chinese) hnuaia awm a ni a. Hei vang hian Mizo \awng hi Austric \awng kal zel hnuaiah Tibeto-Burman \awng peng pakhat a ni a tih theih a ni. Tin, he Tibeto-burman \awng hlawmte hi hmar lamah Tibet a\anga chhim lam Burma thlengin hmangtu an awm a. Tin, khawtlang lamah Baltis a\anga khawchhak lam China ram, Sichuan leh Yunan Province thlengin a darh bawk a ni.

“Tibeto-burman \awng hmangho chenna kan hriat hmanlai theih ber chu Tibet hmar chhak, China ram tlang lam, tunlaia Lanchou khawpui chhim lama awm Kansu biala luang T’ao lui kam, mel 50 laia seiah BC 2,000 vel khan an khawsa tih a ni a. Chung hunlai chuan lung hriamhreia hmangtute hun hnukhawi nunphung leh khawsak danin an awm tih Archeology servey ho thil laih chhuah kan hre thei” tiin B.Lalthangliana chuan a sawi (MILLTA,25)

Engpawh nise Mizo |awng chu mizo hnahthlak chipeng hrang hrang \awng infin khawm, Tibeto-Burman \awng peng pakhat, Austric \awng atanga lo chhuak a ni tih chu mi nawlpui leh mithiamte pawmdan tlanglawn ber a ni.

III.             Zo\awng Pian\o:

Zo\awng tia kan dah tak ‘Mizo |awng’ hian nihphung leh pianphung hrang hrang a nei a. Chutiang pianphung leh nihphung avang chuan danglamna leh nihna ‘identity’ pawh a neih phah hial. Chung nih phung leh pianphung, pian\o kan tih bawk chu kawng hrang hrangin lo thlir thuak thuak i la.

i)                    Phoneme : Phoneme hi Mizo \awng chuan ‘Rifang’ a ni a. A awmzia chu \awnga ri mal hran te te thu rik dan hran hran phuah nana kan chhehkhawm \hin hi tihna a ni a, thumal tiin a sawi theih bawk ang. Hawrawp hian r$k dan hran an nei \heuh a, vowel \henkhat phei chu anmahni pawhin thu an tling thei hial. Chutih laiin kan thu hmanho zingah hian \henkhat chuan rifang hl^wm khat chauh an nei a, a \hen te erawh chuan rifang hlawm hnih emaw hlawm thum emaw, a aia tam emaw an nei bawk \hin.  Mizo \awng hi rihlawm pakhat (monosyllabic) a nih avangin rihlawm pakhat lek leka siam thumal kan ngah hle a. Thu rihlawm pakhat aia tam nei kan neihho pawh hi rihlawm hran hran mahni pawha awmze nei kan dahkhawm vang a ni deuh ber. Rihlawm \henkhat chu rifang pakhat (thumal pakhat) chauhva siam an ni a, nimahsela chung rifang pakhat chu rihlawm (word) khat a siam thei thung a ni.

ii)                  Violation : Mizo \awng hi thumal pakhat amaha ding thei vek inremkhawm a ni a. Thulam pakhat hian amalin awmzia a nei tlangpui \hin. Kan \awnga thumal zawng zawng hi awmze nei hrang vek an ni tih chuan sawi theih chiah loh mahse a tlangpui thuin kan \awnga rihlawm te hian a hranin awmzia an nei \hin a. Kan thusawi a zirin kan rihlawm chhehkhawm kha a tamin a tlem chauh mai zawk \hin a ni. Hei hi mizo \awng nihphunga chhinchhiah thlak tak niin a lang bawk.

iii)                Monosyllable : Violation nihphung nen hian a danglam tehchiam lo. Dan naranin monosyllable ah chuan thumal ‘root word’ te hi syllable pakhat aiin a tam ngai lo. Monosyllable tih hi chuan a thu lam chungchang a thlir deuh bik a. A awmzia takah chuan mizo \awng hi thumal hrang hrang inremkhawm, thumal pawhin lamdan pakhat \heuh nei an ni tihna a ni ber ang.

iv)                Tonal Language : Mizo \awng hi \awng dang ang lo takin a thl<k a danglam a, a thl<k danglam avang hian thumal inang rengah pawh a awmzia a hrang daih \hin. Chutiang \awng chu ‘tonal language’ an ti. Mizo \awngah hian thumal awmzia tidanglam theitu thl<k chi hrang pali a awm a. Chung te chu Ri s^ng, Ri hniam, Ri l^wn leh Ri kuai’ tiin an sawi \hin.

v)                  Homophones : Mizo \awng danglam lehna chu a thumal inang thlap zingah pawh a thl<k a zira a danglam theih hle laiin a tl<k leh thumal in ang rau rauah pawh awmze in ang miah lo a awm leh tlat mai a. Chutiang chu ‘homophones’ an ti. Heng homophones te hi kan thumal hmanna leh hman hun a zirin a thl<k dan in ang chiahah pawh an sawi tum leh awmzia a hrang daih a. Entirnan – ‘Naute a mu’ tih leh ‘Mu ka hmu’ tiha ‘Mu’ hi a hawrawp leh thl<k a in an chiah laiin  a awmzia leh a sawi tum a dang daih a ni.

vi)                Peculiarity : Mizo \awnga thumal hi tlemin hnamdang \awng ngaihtuah chuan beitham viau mahse mawina leh duhawm bikna, \hat bikna leh hausak bikna (peculiarity) a nei ve tho mai. A bikin thil in ang deuh tawh sawi nana hnamdangin thumal pahnih khat lek an neih laiin keini chuan a hmanna a zirin kan nei kim \ha viau. Entirnan- Sap\awnga ‘carry’ chu keng tihna a nih laiin mizo \awngah chuan kan kenna a zirin a hrang thliah thei a. Chungte chu – keng, h<m, khai, (kuta) chawi, phur, chhipchhuan, (tui) chawi, ak, pua, pu, kawt, pawm, b^t, hmathlak leh adangte a ni. Hei hian mizo \awng pian\o pakhat chu a tarlang kan ti thei ang.

vii)              Onomatopoeia : Mizo \awng hi thumal remkhawm satliah ngawt a ni lova, thumal tin hian zuitu leh zuitur bik \awngkam an nei \hin a. Chutiang chu thu inlal^wn tie maw thuinlaz^wn tie maw pawhin kan sawi thei awm e. |awngkam danga sawi chuan Echo-word an ti a, ri inhril a tih theih bawk ang. Entirnan- Bawng a b<’ Sakei a h<k, hnap a hnit,etc., han tih te hi \awngkam hman hun leh hmanna hmun hriat nan a \ha hle a, chutianga ri inhril nei \awng chu Mizo \awng hi a ni.

Heng kan tarlan bakah hian Mizo \awng nihphung leh pianzia hrang hrang sawi tur ala awm nual bawk. Engpawh nise mizo \awng hian nihphung leh pianzia (form) a nei a. Hetiang form hi mizo \awng ti-mizo \awngtu a ni a. Hnam dang \awng nen in anna chen pawh a awm ang a, danglam bikna lai pawh a awm bawk ang. Hei hian hnam hrang hrangte \awng inkungkaihna  piahah an danglamna a tarlang a tih theih bawk a. Mizo \awng tihlutu leh nih tirtu pawimawh tak a ni.

IV.              Thumal Siam Phung:

Mizo \awng hian nihphung hrang hrang a neih avang hian thumal pawh hian inrem dan bik leh nih dan bik fel tak a nei a tih theih a, chutih rual chuan mizo \awng hi sentence-a syntax chungchangah chi hrang hrangin a sawi theih thung.

B. Lalthangliana chuan “Mizo \awng kalhmang hi a tlangpui thuin tuartu(object), thiltitu (subject) leh thiltih (verb) indawt niin ‘OSV’ a ni” a ti a. (MILLTA,24) Entirnan – Sakei (object) Lala’n (subject) a kap (verb) tiin rem a ngai ang.

Hemi hi Dr.Lalrindiki thung chuan lo ep in, “Mizo \awng hi SOV language an tih ang hi a ni a. Sentence-ah hian subject hi object-in a zui a, chutah verb-in a zui leh a ni” a ti thung a. (Dr.Zoramdinthara,48) Entirnan Lala’n (subject) Sakei (object) a kap (verb).

Hetiang a nih lai hian Mizo \awng hi  ‘free word order’ tih theih chiah si loh, mahse a sentence chhunga ‘grammatical unit’ te hi, awmze tibo lovin duh duhin a sawn kual theih thung. Entirnan –

      Lala’n Sakeu a kap

      A kap Sakei Lala’n

      Sakei a kap Lala’n

Hetianga thumal awmte awmhmun kan sawn kual hian a grammer a dik lo chuang hauh lova, nimahsela a in form dan erawh a danglam vek thung. Hei hian mizo \awng danglam bikna a hril chiang hlein a lang a ni.

Dr.Thangi pawhin “Subject a hmasa ber a, chumi dawtah object; verb a hnuhnung ber a. Hei hi linguist te chuan SOV Word Order an ti a” (ibid) tiin a sawi bawk. He thu a sawi lai hian rual < \henkhat chu an ner n^ng n^ng niin Darchuailova chuan a sawi.(ibid)

Kan hmuh ang leh tarlan angin Mizo \awng chu OSV a ni ti leh SOV a ni titu an awm v eve a. A chunga kan tarlan anga unit \henkhat sawnkual mai ni lo, hmanlai a\anga Mizo \awng sentence kaphung ve reng niin a ngaih theih a; hranghluite lehkhabu han en pawhin entirna tam tawk lakchhuah tur a awm v eve a ni. Hei tak hi Mizo \awng danglam bikna (uniqueness) pakhat niin a hriat bawk.

Hetiang a nih avang hian Mizo \awng thumal inrem dan chungchang hi inhnialna a tam bakah a dik zawk tia sawi tur a awm tak tak thei lova. SOV leh OSV a nih theihna pawm ve ve hi a dik ber ang.

Semantics:

Semantics hi Greek \awng ‘semantikos’ a\anga lak a ni a, linguistics huang chhunga an seng luh hnu chuan thumal inkungkaih dan awmzia sawina a ni a, awmzia (meaning) tihna a ni. Zau taka sawi chuan semantics chu \awng zirnaa kan thil sawi hming (referents) emaw awmzia emaw leh kan thil sawi tak (referends) inkungkaih dan leh inlaichin dan sawina a ni.

Mizo \awngah hian grammer dik lo aiin semantics hman dik loh hi a tam zawk a. Entirnan- Fanghmirin “Saia I sawn ka pai” a ti a (Thangkura Drama). Heta dik lo chu a grammer aiin a thumal inkungkaih dan leh awmzia zawk a ni.  A hmul tiat lek Fanghmirin hian engtik ah mah Sai sawn hi a  pai dawn lova. Hei hian kan semantic hman thiam loh zia a tarlang thei ang.

Mizo \awng hi a semantics a dik loh chuan engtik ah mah \awng thiam kan ni thei dawn lova. Kan thu hman leh hmanna hian awmze thui tak a nei thei bawk. Thu inhmu lo leh inmil lo tak tak, grammatically-a dik ve thlup si tam tak a awm a. Chutiang chuan \awng an ti-pawnlawi a, an tihlu lo a ni.

Mizo \awnga thumal leh \awngkam te hi hman hun leh hmanna bik tur nei vek a ni a. Hei vang hian uluk taka thusawi leh thumal siam pawh a ngai \hin a ni.

Word Formation :

      Thumal insiam dan hrang hrang zingah tunlaia kan \awng phung leh thumal insiam dan tlanglawn zual lo thlir thuak thuak i la :

i)                    Hawrawp pahniha inl^wm tuakah hian a hlawm hmasa zawk ‘i’-a in\an a nih chuan a hnuhnung zawk chu ‘e’ a ni \hin a. ‘e’-a in\an a nih thung chuan a hnuhnung zawk chu ‘u’ a ni tlangpui \hin bawk. Entirnan- il el, in en, er ur,etc.

ii)                  Hawrawp pathuma thumal inlawm tuaka a insiam pawhin thumal pahnih inlawm tuak zul a zui zel a. Hlawm hmasa zawka hawrawp pahnihna zelkha ‘i’ a nih chuan hlawm hnihna hawrawp pahnihna chu ‘e’ a ni zel \hin. Entirnan- chil chel. Chel chul, chen chun,etc.

iii)                Hawrawp palia inlawm tuak chiah hian a hlawm hmasa zawka hawrawp pahnihna zeal ‘i’ a nih chuan hlawm hnuhnung zawk hawrawp pahnihna zel kha ‘u’ a ni zel a. Hlawm hmasa leh hlawm hnuhnunga hawrawp awm a inzat zel bawk. Entirnan – biai buai, chiai chuai, liap luap, viau vuau.etc.

iv)                Hawrawp pangaa inlawm tuakah pawh hian pahnih, pathum leh palia inlawm tuakte insiam dan tho kha a zui a; ‘e’ leh ‘i’ leh ‘u’ hi hawrawp pathumnaah leh palinaah a awm zel \hin. Entirnan- chhiai chhuai, hriau hruau, khial lhual, nghiau nghuau,etc.

Heng kan tarlan bakah hian thil eng emaw (condition) avanga danglam bik \henkhat chu a awm \hin bawk a. Tin, hlawm hmasa zawka hawrawp awm zat leh hlawm hnuhnung zawka hawrawp awm zat inzat lova awm pawh a awm thei tho bawk ang. Chutiang erawh chu a chhan a danglam vang leh a nihna a zira thusawi tum a danglam \hin vang niin a hriat a, mizo \awng kalphung pangngai tho a ni naa, a tlanglawn zul zuia kal an ni chiah lo thung hlawm a ni.

Grammatic Formation :

      Grammatic formation tia kan dah hi a nihna takah chuan thumal ziak zawm tur leh zawm loh tur thlirna a ni deuh be rang. Hei hian a grammer a tih dik bakah Mizo \awng ziak dan nasa takin a tidanglamin a tidik thei dawn a ni. Point hrang hrangin lo tarlang thuak thuak ila-

i)                    Syllable pakhat chu ziak zawm vek tur a ni. Mizo \awng hi monosyllabic language a nih bawk avangin syllabic-a ri hlawm khat hi chu ziak zawm zel tur a ni. Mizo \awngah hian hawrawp lamrik loh kan nei ve lo hialin a hriat a. Syllable khat chu hlawm hrangah \hen loh tur a ni.

ii)                  Part of speech hranh chu a hrang zeal ziah tur a ni. Noun leh verb te, noun leh adjective te lo ziak zawm tur a ni lo.

iii)                Part of speech chi khat erawh chu ziak zawm tur a ni thung. Kan verb tam tak hi syllable khat a ni a, chutih rualin a behbawm siam belh pawh kan nei a, syllable khat aia tam kan neih phah ta a. Amaherawh chu chutiang syllable khat aia tam a nih pawhin sentence khata awm an nih chuan ziak zawm vek tho tur a ni.

iv)                Sentence khata noun awm hi ziak zawm vek tur a ni. Chutih rualin thudang tlak khalhtu a awm chuan a zawm theih loh tih erawh a chiang sa viau.

v)                  Sentence pakhat verb-pui chu syllable pahnih pathum pawh nise ziak zawm zel tur a ni.

Heng kan tarlan tak hrang hrang te hian tumal siamphunga Mizo \awng ziakdan tur leh zawm leh zawm loh dan tur te a tarlang chiang viau a. Hei hian nasa takin thumal siamdan ah min puih theih a rinawm bawk.

Prefix leh Suffix :

      Mizo \awng a thumal siam phungah hian thuhma bet (prefix) leh thuhnung bet (suffix) hian awmze thui tak an nei a. Thumal tlahlang, awmze nei miah lo pawh suffix leh prefix avanga awmze thar nei an awm nual mai. A bikin Mizote hian \awngkam \ha lo lama hman bik (negative word) kan nei hrang a. Chutiang \awngkam te chu ‘lo’ tih tel lovin awmze nei lo vek an ni.

      Entirnan- |awmkai lo, Le lo, Namen lo,etc

Hetah hian ‘lo’ tih hi paih tai la thumal awmze nei lo vek an nih phah dawn a. Hetiang a nih avang hian Mizo \awng thumal te hi thuhma leh thuhnung bet avangin a danglam thei hlein a lang a ni.

Thumal Zawmtu :

      Mizo \awngah hian thumal pahnih thlun zawmtu ‘leh’ hi a pawimawh khawp mai. Thumal hrang hlak, awmzia leh sawi tum pawh hrang daih hi ‘leh’ hmanga kan zawm avang hian a danglam nual a. Chutiang a nih avang chuan thumal zawmtu hi thumal siam kawngah a pawimawh hlein a lang thei a ni.

      Entirnan- Chhim leh hmar, |uahpui leh Vau,etc

Hetah hian Chhim tih hian chhim lam chauh a kawk a, Hmar tih pawhin hmar lam chauh a kawk thung. Nimahsela ‘leh’ hmang hian kan zawmkhawm a, thumal thar leh sawi tum thar daih neiin, awmze thar hlak a lo chhuak a ni. Hetiang zel hian Mizo \awng hi a zawmtu thumal avanga danglam thei tam tak a awm awm e.

V.                 Tlipna:

Heng kan tarlan tak leh sawi tam tak bakah hian sawibelh tur tam tak pawh a awm theiin a rinawm a. Chutih laiin heng kan sawi tak te hi Mizo \awng pian\o tlangpui hriatna atan leh thumal siamphung tlangpui hriatna a tan chuan a rin ve theih bawk ang. Heng hian Mizo \awng hi engtiang pianghmang leh nihphung nei nge a nih a tarlan bakah thumal siam dawna thil \ul leh pawimawh te, siam dan phung tur te a tarlang bawk a ni.

VI.              Work Cited :

Lalrinfela.H.,(ed) Thaikawi Palai. Aizawl;SBK Publication. 2010.Print.

Zoramdinthara.Dr(ed) Zo\awng. Aizawl;Department of Mizo,PUC. 2013. Print.

Khiangte Laltluangliana.,Dr.(Ed) Mizo |awng Zir Zauna Bu Thar. Felfim;MILLTA. 2012.Print.

VII.           Bibliography :

Lalrinfela.H.,(ed) Thaikawi Palai. Aizawl;SBK Publication. 2010.Print.

Zoramdinthara.Dr(ed) Zo\awng. Aizawl;Department of Mizo,PUC. 2013. Print.

Khiangte Laltluangliana.,Dr.(Ed) Mizo |awng Zir Zauna Bu Thar. Felfim;MILLTA. 2012.Print.

Renthlei Darchuailova. An Chul Lo. Aizawl; Mizoram Publication Board. 2008. Print

Chhangte Ralluaii. Mizo |awng Chikna. Aizawl; Hnamte Press. 2001. Print

Lalthangliana.B., Mizo Chanchin. Aizawl; Remkungi. 2001. Print