Hawilopari Thawnthu Thlirna
(Book Review)
Ziaktu
: Biakliana
Bihchiangtu
: Jonathan K.Laldinpuia
I.
Sawi hawnna :
Mizote
hian thawnthu chi hrang hrang hmakhawsang a\angin kan lo nei tawh \hin a,
chutiang thawnthute chu \awngka hmanga inhlan chhawng zelin kan vawng reng \hin
a. Kum 1894 a kan S^p missionary ten
ziak leh chhiar min zirtir a\ang phei kha chuan kan thawnthu te chu ziaka
dah\hat nachang kan lo hre ta hial a ni. Ziak leh chhiar kan thiamna hi
hnamdang ngaihtuah chuan la rei lo viau mah sela hnam dangte kaldan zulzuiin
thu leh hla ah pawh hma kan sawn ve zel a, tunah phei chuan thu leh hla lamah
nasa takin kan lo \hang ta hial a ni.
Thu
leh hla huang chhungah pawh chuang chi hrang hrang, heng – Thawnthu (novel) te,
Lemchan (drama) te, Hla leh Hlahril (poetry/poem) te pawh kan lo neih belh ta
zel a, hei hian nasa takin kan thu leh hla a tihmas^wn a ni.
II.
Biakliana :
Mizo thawnthu hmasa ber ‘Hawilopari’
ziaktu L.Biakliana hi Pastor Liangkaia fapa, Mission Veng, Aizawla piang a ni
a. A nu chu Sailo lal Dor^wta fanu Ng<rchhuani a ni. A nu leh pa hi kum
1916-ah inneiin, an fa hmasa ber ni turin Biakliana hi kum 1918 August 26 khan
a piang a. A naupan lai a\anga mi danglam, thil chik mi, thil hria leh
chhinchhiah thei, taima leh rinawm tak a ni. Biakliana hi Cotton College,
Gauhati (Guwahati) a I.A a zir a, Bawr (T.B) natna avangin Mizoramah lo
chhovin, a \hianpa Kaphleina nen Durtlang-a Inte Thawvengah an damlai ni an
hmang liam ta a ni.
III.
Novel Bul\anna (Thawnthu hmasa pathum) :
Thawnthu puitling/thawnthu phuahthar (novel)
kan neih hmasak ber chu L.Biakliana’n kum 1936-a a ziak ‘Hawilopari’ tih a ni a. Hemi hma hian thawnthu tam tak nei mah ila
ziaka dah leh midang chhiar theih tura tihchhuah a nih \hin loh avangin thu leh
hla lama mi fir te chuan Literature puitlingah an ngai lova, hei vang hian
Biakliana ziak hi thawnthu phuahthar (novel) kan neih hmasak ber a lo ni ta a
ni.
He
thawnthu hi Khuangruma, Mandanriting,
Shillong-a in leh lo neia khawsa chuan kum 1936 November thla ah a chhiar thu a
sawi avangin kum 1936 hi Mizo novel kan neih \an kumah chhiar a lo ni ta a ni
tih K.C. Lalvunga’n a sawi (R.Thangvunga, 208)
Kum a
han ral chiah a, kum 1937 khan Biakliana tho hian thawnthu dang ‘Lali (Lalawmpuii)’ tih chu a ziak leh a.
Hei hi mizo novel pahnihna a chhiar a ni. He thawnthu hi Mizorama thawnthu
inziahsiak hmasak ber \uma an thupui, Mizo hmeichhiate dinhmun tar lang
chiangtu ber lawmman pakhatna dawngtu a ni. Tin, hemi hnu hian novel dang kan
hmu leh a, chu erawh chu Biakliana ziak ni lovin Tachhip tlangval Kaphleia ziak
a ni thung. Kaphleia pawh hi Biakliana ang maia T.B natna vei ve tho a ni a.
Lehkhathiam hmasa an ni bawk a, thu leh hla lama hnam tana an \hahnemngaihna hi
a ropui hle a ni. Kaphleia hian kum 1939 khan a thawnthu hmasa ber Chhingpuii a ziak a. He thawnthu hi
hmanlai mizo khawtlang nun tarlanna thawnthu \ha tak a nih bakah mizo thawnthu
a Chhingpuii chanchin tarlanna a ni a, a ngaihnawm hle.
Heng
kan tarlan tak thawnthu pathum te hi kum 1940 hma lama chhuak an ni hlawm a,
hei vang hian an pawimawh hle. L.Biakliana leh Kaphleia hi T.B an nih avangin
an thi hma dun hle a, an uihawm khawp mai. Dam rei deuh ni sela chu thawnthu
\ha leh ngaihnawm tak tak pawh an ziah leh a rinawm hial. Tin, an ni pahnih
hian thawnthu bakah hla phuah kawngah leh thutluang ziah kawngah nasa takin
mizo thu leh hla kawng an sah en sak a, bul\antu \ha tak an ni.
IV.
Hawilopari :
Mizoten ziak leh chhiar kan thiam
hun ngaihtuah chuan hnam dangte zul zuia thu leh hla huang hrang hrang kan
neihte hi hmasawnna nasa tak lantirtu an ni a. Nimahsela chutiang huang dang
(drama, prose leh poetry) kan neih hmazia ngaihtuah chuan thawnthu phuah thar
(novel/fiction) kan neih hun erawh a tlai der dawr hle niin a hriat. Nimahsela
Biakliana’n kum 1936 kuma ‘Hawilopari’ a lo ziah khan nasa takin thawnthu
ngainatna a lo pun phah ta a, a hnu zelah pawh thawnthu phuahthar ziak chu
intihhmuh chho zelin tun dinhmunah phei chuan Mizo lehkhabu chhuak zinga a tam
ber hi thawnthu phuah thar hlir a lo ni ta tih theih a ni. Hei vang hian
thawnthu lama sul lo sutu Biakliana hi Zoramdinthara phei chuan “Father of Mizo
Novel” ni mai awm tak niin a sawi nghe nghe a ni (Fam Rohlu,80).
V.
Hawilopari thawnthu thlirna :
Hawilopari thawnthu hi mizoten thawnthu phuah
thar kan neih hmasak ber a ni chung hian beisei aiin a \ha daih tih theih a ni
a. Nimahsela thlirna tarmit hrang hrang vuah chuan he thawnthu hian tlin lohna
leh \hat tawk lohna tam tak a neih erawh a rinawm ve hle thung. Chutiang
thlirna tlang hrang hrang zinga a lian zual heng – method of narration, plot
structure, dialogue, setting, characterization leh nature a\ang chuan lo thlir
i la.
He thawnthu ‘Hawilopari’ hi Direct
method/narration hmanga phuah chhuah a ni a. Hetiang method-ah hi chuan a
ziaktu a zalen a, duh dan hawi zawng zawnga changtute a her rem zung zung theih
avang hian eng emaw zawng tak chuan a awlsam hle niin a hriat. Hawilopari
thawnthu pawh hi kum 1936 daiha ziak ni tawh mahse thiam taka direct method a
hman avangin a ziaktu themthiamna a hriat theih hle mai a. A thawnthu chhunga a
changtute \awngkam leh inbiakna reng reng pawh a ziaktuin mi dang chanchin a
sawi chhawn ang vekin a tarlang thei a, hei vang hian Biakliana hi thawnthu
sawi thiam tak (good story teller) ni pawhin
a hriat theih a ni.
Plot (ruhrel) hi thawnthua thil thleng
zawng zawng funkhawmtu ber a ni a, novel ziakna hmanrua pawimawh ber pakhat a
ni. Hmanlai Greek mifing Aristotle-a phei chuan plot hi a dah pawimawh hmasaber
a, ‘thawnthu nunna ber a ni’ a ti hial a ni. Plot hi thil thleng tarlanna, eng
vanga thleng nge a nih a, engtin nge a lo thlen? Eng thil nge lo thleng? tih
tarlanna ber a ni a, thil thleng pawh chu a hranpa a hmun dang a\anga lo thleng
chauh ni lovin a changtute chunga thil thleng sawina a ni
Plot nei \ha leh a
changtute nun nena inmil \ha bawk si hi novel \ha leh duhthusam a nih rualin
plot nei \ha lem lo hi novel \ha a ni lo tihna a ni ngawt lo thung. Literature
\ha leh mihring nun hi inhnaih te, insi rial an nih avangin novel pawh hi plot a
neih \hat leh \hat loh lam ai mahin hringnun emaw a changtute nun nena a insik
dan lai tak emaw kha a pawimawh zawk a. A changtute nun nena inhne \ha lem lo
novel hi a hawnthua thil thleng (incident) a tam vang ngawt leh a changtute
pawimawhna avang ngawt a ropui leh \haa chhiar a ni ngai lo bawk.
Plot
chu a changtute nun nena inhmeh thlapa kal a ngai angin a hun leh hmun te, an
inbiakna \awngkam thlengin inzawmna emaw inmil tak emawa duan a ngai bawk a,
chuvang chuan plot hi thawnthu ah hian a laimu tih loh theih loh ang hial a nih
phah reng a ni.
Hawilopari
hi thawnthu ruang^m/ruhrel a zaiktu Biakliana’n a din hi thawnthu dang ang bawk
in thil thleng zawng zawng funkhawmtu ber a ni a, thawnthu chhung leh a
changtute chunga thil thlen dan te, a lo thlen chhan te bakah enge lo thleng
tihte a tarlang a. A thawnthu bul\anna a\angin Hminga te chanchin ah a lut
nghal a, an nun dan chhui chho zelin an chung a thil thleng te, an thil tawn
hrang hrang te bakah an tawn dan leh buaina an chinfel dan thlengin a tarlang
chhunzawm a, chumi thawnthu keng khawmtu ber chu Hawilopari thawnthu ruangam
(plot structure) hi a ni.
Plot ah hian chi hnih loose plot
(plot dul) leh organic plot (plot mar \ha) te an awm a. Chung zingah chuan
Hawilopari thawnthu ruhrel hi Loose plot an tih zing a mi a ni. Loose plot ah
chuan a tlangpuiin a changtute chunga thil thleng (incidents) eng eng emaw chu
awm bawk mahse, a plot aiin a changtute an langsar zawk \hin. Chumi awmzia chu
a thawnthu ziaktu chuan a thawnthu ruangam aiin a changtute a dah pawimawh a,
Characterization chungnunna novel a ni tihna a ni.
Sap thawnthu
ngaihnawm tak pakhat Robinson Crusoe te, Zikpuii pa ziah C.C.Coy No 27 te,
James Dokuma Thla Hleinga Zan te hi Loose plot kan tih huamchhunga mi chu an ni
a, an ni hian a thawnthu ruangam ai mahin a changtute thiltih leh nundan bakah
nnphung te an ngai pawimawh in an dah langsar zawk \hin. Chutiang chuan
Hawilopari thawnthu pawh hi Biakliana hian a ruangam ai mahin a bul a \anga a
tawp thleng hian a changtute hi a dah pawimawh zawk mahin a lang a. Hminga te
thian zaho tlanbo ta ringawt te, bakah sipai an luh dan leh eng leh kim mai ah
hian a changtute nundan zel tarlanna a nihzia a chiang a, thil awihawm chiah
loh, ni thei tho si hmangin a thawnthu hi a hrut kual niin a lang a ni.
Thawnthu
tingaihnawmtu tih mai theih, a chawchah ber harsatna (conflict) lo thlen dan
leh chinfel a nih \hin dan a\ang hian he thawnthu hian a ruangam (plot) aiin a
changtute (character) a ngai pawimawh zawk tih chu a hriat theih bawk a. Hei
hian a thawnthu hlutna a tibo deuh em aw a tih theih a, amaherawhchu a
ngaihnawmna erawh a tibo chuang lo thung. He thawnthuah hian harsatna a lo
thleng chho nghal deuh zat a, chu chu chinfel a nih hnu pawhin harsatna dang a
lo thleng zawm leh nghal mai a. Hetiang hian a tir a\anga a tawp thleng hian
harsatna hi a inkahpuk chaw chho zut mai niin a hriat a, chinfel erawh a ni
nghal deuh zel bawk. Heta \ang hian he thawnthu ruangam hi ‘Pyramid shape’ emaw
‘Triangle shape’ emaw ni lovin ‘Zigzag shape’ niin a lang thei bawk ang.
Inbiakna
\awngkam \ha hi thawnthu tihlutu pawimawh tak a ni a. W.H. Hudson phei chuan,
“thawnthua a changtute \awngkam chu inbiakna \awngkam \ha leh hman tur awm tak
an hmang tur a ni” (Fam Rohlu, 86) a lo ti hial a ni. Hei hian inbiakna \awngkam
(dialogue) pawimawhzia a tarlang chiang hle. Mi tam tak tana entawn leh hman
chhawn tlak awmna tur leh a thawnthu ngainatawmna ber pakhat a nih avangin uluk
taka changtute inbiakna hi remkhawm thiam a pawimawh.
Inbiakna \awngkam
(dialogue) chungchangah hi chuan Biakliana hian a changtute mila \awngkam hman
a thiam hlein a hriat theih thung. An kum mil awm tawk \awngkam a chhep thiam
em em a, \awngkam hleihluak leh uchuak a awm hran lem lo bawk. A thawnthu
pumpui thlirin inbiakna \awngkam hi chu a \ha thawkhat hle chuan a hriat a ni.
Thawnthu
reng reng chu kan chhiar a, kan rilrua cham reng thei tur chuan a thawnthu
innghahna hmun hma leh a chhehvel thil (setting) mumal tak a awm a ngai \hin.
He thawnthu hian Mizorama thil thleng tak tak behchhanah a hmang a,
B.Lalthangliana phei chuan ‘Historical Novel’ \ha tak niin a sawi a
(B.Lalthangliana, 308). He thawnthua thil thleng a sawi hun hrang hrangte hi a
kum leh nite tarlan ni lo mahse Mizo lal Bengkhuaia leh a hoten Alexandrapur a
run \um leh chumi phuba la tura lo thawk ‘Vailen’ kha behchhanah a hmang niin a
hriat theih a. Nimahsela a time setting erawh hi chuan kum inluh thelh a neih
avangin History dik behchhan chu niin a lang lo thung a ni. Tin, January thla
vela Hminga te an chhuah laia Pari te chanchina buh seng lai lo ni daih te,
Chhanate Savawm kah luruh chhar theih a nih laia an aidu khawrhna sulhnu hriat
taka ram palaileng si, la bel hliau awm anga lang theite hi a inmil chiah lova,
uluk taka chika, lo chhiartu tan chuan
mit timim thei deuh vek an ni a tih theih a ni.
Amaherawh
chu ‘Phuahchawp thawnthu-ah hian mihring nuna thil thleng \hin leh thleng thei
chu hrang hrang-te tarlan theih a ni’ (Lairil, 182) tih a nih avangin he
thawnthu hi a dik lo tih theih a ni ngawt lova, Biakliana pawh hian a duh dan
angin heng history-a thil thleng hrang hrang behchhan hian he thawnthu hi a
ziak tih a hriat theih thung a ni.
Kawng
dang a\anga kan thlir chuan he thawnthu hian a hunlai boruak a phochhuak \ha
thawkhat hle ni chuan a hriat a. Vailen boruak behchhan thawnthu a nih avang
hian a hunlaia khawtlang nuna thil thleg ni thei awm tak tak (social setting)
nen pawh a inmil thawkhat hle chuan a hriat bawk a ni. Khawtlang rorelna lam
leh vantlang nunphung hrim hrim, ei leh bar zawn dan te, nitin khawsak phung
leh in leh lo neih dan zawng zawng(material setting) pawh chiang taka tarlangin
a \ha thawkhat hle niin a hriat theih bawk a. Huanpal te, Mizo silai, Awllan
silai an ngaihhlutzia te, daipawn, kawtchhuaah, tlangpang zam nuam tak, khaw
thleng, lui dung leh thing, ran te nen lam thiam takin he thawnthu ziaktu hian
a tarlang vel vek a ni ber.
Amaherawh
chu he thawnthua Pathian hming leh \awng\ai lang thla zen te, ‘vantirhkoh’
hming sawi lan te, leh Bible thu nena phuah kual nuai a ni hi chuan a thawnthu
behchhan hunlai a mil lova, he thawnthuin a behchhan ber hi kum 1870-90 pawh lo
ni ta se, Kristianna-in kan ram a la thlen hma, sakhaw mumal nei lova mitinin
mahni hnam sakhua kan vawn hunlai a nih avangin hei hian nasa takin a thawnthu
chhiartu laka zawhna a siam thei thung a ni.
Thu
leh hla \ha reng reng chuan mihring nun nena inlaichinna \ha tak an nei tur a
ni tih a ni \hin a. Thawnthuah pawh chu chu a pawimawh dan a la pangngai reng
bawk. William Shakespeare-an ‘kan khawvel hi lemchanna tualzawl zau tak a ni e’
a lo tih angin mihringte hian kan nihna leh zia diktak thupin hun kan hmang
tlangpui a. Miin min hmuhpui a tana kan duh hauh lohte, midang hriat kan hlauh
em em leh puanzar kan hlauh thil tam tak kan nunah a thleng fo \hin bawk.
Chutiang thil chu tumahin an hriat loh nan kan rilru chhungril berah kan vawng
\ha khiau a, tlangzarh a nih loh nan kan chhia leh \ha hriatna fim tak hmangin
kan kalhkhung tlat \hin.
Hetiang
a nih avang hian thu leh hla hian nasa takin mihring nunah pawimawhna a neih
phah ta a, chu chu thil dang ni lovin thu leh hlaah chuan kan duh ang tawka zep
leh thup nei lova kan puanchhuah theih \hin vang a ni. Mize \ha lo lai te, mi
thil tihsual te, mi nunzia leh zeizia te thlengin a chhiartu chuan chiang takin
a hmu thei \hin a. Chu chu he thawnthuah pawh hian chiang takin a lang a ni.
Hetianga thu leh hla \ha, thawnthu ngaihnawm a lo nih theih nan hian a
changtute mizia (character) a pawimawh ta hle a, chu an mizia chuan mihring nun
a phawk chhuak zo ngei tur pawh a ni bawk.
He
thawnthuah hian nuhrawn sualzia a\anga \hian chhan thih ngam te, nula tlangval
inngaihzawnna leh Lal rorel dan lai lo takte chenin chiang takin a lang thei a.
Hei hian nasa takin a thawnthu a tingaihnawmin a ti ^wm-ang hle tih theih a ni.
Chutih
laiin duh khawp lohna erawh a la nei a, chu chu a changtute hming a vuah danah
hian a ni. He thawnthua a changtute hming hi a tlangpuiin hming lam khan ‘one
syllable’ deuh vek an ni a, heng – Hminga, Liana, Chhana, Zema, Pari, Ngaihi,
Mawii, Thangi, Suaka, Remi, leh Rala han tihte hi hming dang deuh hleka phuah
sei ni deuh se chuan a ^wm ang leh zual ngei chuan a rinawm. Tin, hming hman
nawn leh inkoh dan awlsam tak tak a hmang fo mai pawh hian tlem chuan ninawm
lam a kai thei \ep awm e. Chutih laiin character a dinna kawng erawh hi chu a
\ha thawkhat viau chuan a hriat.
He
thawnthuah hian mumal taka protagonist leh antagonist an awm sawi thiam a har
hle a. B.Lalthangliana chuan he thawnthu-a changtu ber (hero) chu Zema niin a
sawi a (B.Lalthangliana, 308) chutih laiin Zoramdinthara chuan Liana te unau
chu a changtu pawimawh ber niin a sawi thung a (Fam Rohlu, 84). Nimahsela a
thawnthu uluk taka kan chhiar a, a ziaktu Biakliana’n awmze nei taka a tawp
thlenga he thawnthu kal lai vawng tura a ruat nia lang Hminga pawh hi a changtu
ber pakhat a ni a tih theih tho bawk ang. Amaherawh chu Zema pawimawhna erawh
sawi hmaih theih a ni lo thung.
Hetianga
he thawnthu hi hero bik pawh nei hleithei lova character pawimawh tak tak a nei
nual mai hi leh lam a\anga thlir chuan a fel hlel deuh ni chuan a hriat a. Hei
ai hian a changtu ber tura a ruat tu emaw hi hei aia dah hero deuh hi a la
pawimawh niin a lang thei bawk.
Eng
pawh nise he thawnthu ‘Hawilopari’ hi Mizoten thawnthu kan neih hmasak ber a
nih miau avangin a fel lohna leh \hat tawk lohna tam tak a awm thei ngei ang
tih a rin thiam theih a. Nimahsela a pum puia thlir chuan hetiang khawpa
thawnthu \ha hi kan mizo thawnthu neih hmasak ber a ni tih hi a mak zawk thei
hial awm e.
Mizote
zingah thawnthu reng reng hian awmze neia mi zirtir (moral education) a neih
leh neih loh ngaih pawimawhna a lian \hin hle a. Hei hian kan thawnthu chhuak
tam zawk pawh hi zirtir nei tura duan a ni deuh vek emaw tih theih a ni. Thu
leh hlain a tum ber ni lo mahse thawnthu \ha-ah reng reng chuan inzirna tur tam
tak a awm thei chawk bawk a, chuvang chuan he thawnthu pawh hian mizote nunah
zir tur tam tak min hnutchhiahin a hriat theih.
A
bul berah chuan ‘IN|HIAN |HATNA’ hi he thawnthu laimu leh khai dingtu ber a ni
kan ti thei awm e. Thawnthu \an phat a\angin tlangval pahnih inkawm ngeih em em
mai an lo lang phawt a, chuta \anga kal zelin Zema te \hian ho leh Hmingi te
\hian ho inkawmngeihna zawng zawng pawh a lang chho nghal a. F.Lalzuithanga
phei chuan he thawnthu thuk phum (philosophy) ropui ber chu ‘In\hian \hatna’,
‘|hian kara hmangaihna’, ‘|hian chhan thih ngamna’, ‘ |hiante tana rinawmna’ hi
a ni e’ (F.Lalzuithanga, 149) a lo ti hial a ni.
He
thawnthua thuk phum, mizote nuna kumkhaw thuvawn ni bawk, ‘dam leh tlang
khatah, thih leh ruam khatah’ tih chu he thawnthu hian a vawng \ha hle a. Hei
hian nasa takin a thawnthu min ngainattir thei hial awm e.
Heng
kan tarlan tak hrang hrang a\ang hian Hawilopari thawnthu dinhmun chu a hriat
theih ta hlein a lang a. Mihring nun phawk chhuak \ha em em mai thawnthu,
mizote tan phei chuan chhiar ninawm loh tak mai, kan nuna bet tlat thil tam tak
vawm kaina thawnthu, chu a chhapah kan thawnthu neih hmasa ber ni bawk si
‘Hawilopari’ hi a famkim tawk lohna hrang hrang awm mahse thawnthu ngaihnawm
leh thawnthu \ha tak mai. Mizote tana chuai ngai reng reng tawh lo tur,
Biakliana awm tawh loh hnuah pawh mizo kan awm chhunga nung reng tawh tur a nih
avangin he thawnthu hian sawi leh hrilhfak a la tling zel dawn niin a hriat a
ni.
VI. Work Cited :
Thangvunga,R.(Ed)
History of Mizo Literature. Mizo Department; Mizoram University. 2013. Print.
Laldinmawia,H
(Ed) Fam Rohlu. Pachhunga Univ, College. 2012. Print.
Lalthangliana,
B. Mizo Literature. Mc.Rinthanga : Aizawl. 2004 (second edition). Print.
Khawpuimawia,V,LB
(Ed) Lairil. Literature Club; PUC. 2013. Print.
Lalzuithanga,
F. Kawlawm Dawthei. MPB. 2016. Print.
VII. Book
Reference
Laldinmawia,H
(Ed) Fam Rohlu. Pachhunga Univ, College. 2012. Print.
Khawpuimawia,V,LB
(Ed) Lairil. Literature Club; PUC. 2013. Print.
Lalzuithanga,
F. Kawlawm Dawthei. MPB. 2016. Print.
Zoramdinthara,Dr.
Mizo Fiction Emergence and Development, Malviya Nagar : New Delhi. 2013. Print.
Thangvunga,R.(Ed)
History of Mizo Literatur. Mizo Department; Mizoram University. 2013. Print.
Lalthangliana,
B. Mizo Literature. Mc.Rinthanga : Aizawl. 2004 (second edition). Print.
Vannghaka, KC. Literature
Zungzam. Vanhlupuii : Bawngkawn. 2014. Print.
Khiangte, Laltluangliana (ed). A Study of
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