Hrawva chu tunge?
‘Khuanu Leng Chawi’ Hrawva hi kum 1891 khan Lunglei chhak, Khawthir (Khawthlir ni lovin) khuaah a piang a. A lâiah hming chu Rolala a ni. Khawthir khua a\anga an insawn hnu a, hrawva ram an neih a\angin he hming hi a pu ta a, Khiangte-Chawngte hnam an ni. Naupang tê anih laiin a nu Dolâii in a boral san a. A nu boral hnu rei lo teah a pa Than\hula`n a boral san ve leh a. Hun harsa tam tak paltlangin a u Makthanga bulah, Serkâwnah khawsa in Serkâwn sikulah Middle English thleng a zir a.
Shillong a\angin Matric a zawh hnuah kum 1924 khan Scottish Church College, Calcutta a\angin BA a pass a, Mizo zinga BA pass hmasa ber a ni nghe nghe. Kum 1926-a\angin Boys` ME School, Aizawl-ah zirtirtu hna a thawk \an a, kum 1927- 1945 chhung Headmaster hna a chelh hnuah a u Makthanga hmun luahin kum 1945 khan Aizawl lal a ni ta a ni. Kum 1926, October thlaah Melthum nula Lalluii nen an innei a, fa sawm leh pakhat (13) neiin, Fapa 6 leh fanu 7 a nei a. Naupan laiin 2 an thi a, a dang zawng 11 chu puitlin thleng an dam; chûng zinga pakhat chu thu leh hlaa leh thiamna lama Zofate rohlu, "Mizo Writer of the Century" KC Lalvunga(Zikpuii Pa)I.F.S(Rtd) hi a ni.
Kum 1956, April ni 28 khan kum 63 mi niin chatuan ram a pan a, Venghlui thlanmualah vuiliam a ni. Hrawva hi mi dangdai tak a ni a; Lal a nih lai khan naupang kutdawh pakhat Lal ina kut a rawn dawh \hin a, Hrawva chuan cheng khat hi a lo pe thin a. A lo kal ta fo va, Pu Hrawva chuan a lo kal apiangin cheng khat a lo pe ta ziah a. Hetih lai hian cheng khat hi hlu tak a ni. Chutia Pu Hrawva thiltih dan chu a fapa Lalvuta chuan a ngaithiam ta lo va, "Ka pa, he naupang kut dawh hi pawisa pe tawh suh," a ti a. Pu Hrawva chuan, "Engvangin maw?' a ti a. Lalvuta chuan,"I pawisa pëk hian meizial te a lei a, thil ho mai mai a lei \hin a, a \ha lo," a ti a. Pu Hrawva chuan,"Kut a dawh duhna rilru hrim hrim hi pëk tlâk a ni," a ti ta daih mai a! Chutianga mi ngilneih leh a Pathian hre reng, chan chhe zawkte hmangaih \hin mi a ni.
Hrawva Kutchhuak Hla te
Hrawva hming hi Aizawl lal anihna leh Mizo zinga BA pass hmasa ber anihna hian a hla phuah thim nihna hi a lehkhalh fova. Hrawva hian hla 16 phuahin hla 5 a letling a, mah se hla phuah thiam tak a nih avangin heng a hlate hian belhchian a dâwl em em a, tun thlenga hla lar tam tak a awm a ni. Rimawi ngaina tak a ni a, zai ri tluka ngaihnawm tih a nei lo ve an ti hial a ni. A hla phuah leh lenlin te chu -
1. Rairahtea hla,
2. Baichi Khawhlui tlawh thu,
3. Pu Thangluaia SDC phuahna,
4. Phaituala lehkhazir u thihna
5. Thirhrui hmuh thu,
6. |hiante |henna,
7. Awmkhawmna in hlui,
8. Khuanu léng chawi.
9. Kumhlui Thlahna
10. Vanram
11. Ngaiteh Vawiin Van Lal Fapa
12. Aw van lengrual zaithiamte u
13. Khawilam mi nge?
14. Khua lo \halin (Hla Bial) {Lehlin}
15. Ngai r’u van mi tlangau chu (lehlin)
16. I zahngaihna avangin (Lehlin)
17. Khawngaihtakin Aw Lalpa (lehlin)
18. Kan lungduh ber kan lawmna ber
19. Khawvel ruat hma, thangvan siam
20. Isuan Ro a rel e (KHB 245) {lehlin)
21. Pianna thu lam ka chhui lo (with short essay)
tih te hi a ni.
Heng a hla phuahte hi chi thumah \hen theih niin a lang a. A hmasa berah chuan hlahril huangah heng-
1 . Rairahtea hla,
2 . Baichi Khawhlui tlawh thu,
3 . Pu Thangluaia SDC phuahna,
4 . Phaituala lehkhazir u thihna
5 . Thirhrui hmuh thu,
6 . |hiante |henna,
7 . Awmkhawmna in hlui,
8 . Khuanu léng chawi
9. Pianna thu lam ka chhui lo. tih hla te hi khung theih an ni a.
Heng zingah hian “Pianna thu lam ka chhui lo” tih ‘Tu nge Mi ropui’ tih essay tawpnaa a hman tih loh hi chu traditional verse form, tlar thum hla kan tih anga, chang khata tlar thum zel awma phuah a ni a. A pahnihnaah chuan Hla lehlin (translate) huangah heng-
1. Khua lo \halin (Hla Bial)
2. Ngai r’u van mi tlangau chu
3. I zahngaihna avangin
4. Khawngaihtakin Aw Lalpa
5. Isuan Ro a rel e
Heng bakah a hla hlawm thumna chu kristianna lam hla phuahna te hi an ni a. Hemi huangah hian-
1. Kumhlui Thlahna
2. Vanram
3. Ngaiteh Vawiin Van Lal Fapa
4. Aw van lengrual zaithiamte u
5. Kan lungduh ber kan lawmna ber
6. Khawvel ruat hma, thangvan siam
7. Khawilam mi nge?
Heng a hla phuahte hi a hlawm hmasa ho hi Culcutta a a awmlai kum 1920 chho vela a phuah niin a lang a. A dangte erawh chu hun sawifiah a har a, a hla hnuhnung Vanram tih te hi chu kum 1950 vel bawra a phuah niin a lang thung. Heng a hla zawng zawng hi kan sawi kim vek thei lo anga, a hla \henkhat te hi kan thlir thuak thuak dawn chauh a ni.
Hrawva hla thuchheh dan kal hmang (poetic diction) Hla ti hla tu ber chu hlarua kan hman thiam danah te, kan sawifiahna kawng leh kan sawifiah dan kawng hi a ni. Mizo \awng leh \awng dangah pawh nise ‘hla thu’ kan tih deuh bik hi a awm a. Hei hi hla hlutna tehna pawimawh tak pawh a ni thei ang. Hrawva hi kristianna in kan ram a chim hnua Mizo hla thu hmanga kawng sattu hmasa a ni a. Kan hla hlui ziarang chu kan sakhua nen a kal kawp hlei thei tawh lova, zawi zawiin a liam a. Rev Liangkhaia chuan Kan kristian hla hia siam hmasatu Missionary-te khan Mizovin hla thu bik an nei tih hre lovin thu ziak pangngai (prose) mai mai hi a thluk remin hla angin an ziak a, kan sa ta mai a. Tuna keini upa ho, Mizo hmasate lah khan, Pathian lam hla chu heti tur reng hi emaw kan ti a, kan hla pangngai chu khawvel zai emaw kan ti a;..” (Hranghluite Sulhnu, 98)
tiin sakhaw thar hla dinhmun a sawi a. Heng hi hun hmasa lama an hla neihte kha nula leh tlangval inkara inlemna hla (love song) vela an hman nasat em avang kha a ni a. Amaherawhchu tunah hi chuan hla thu ringawt kha chuan pawi a khawih lova, a hla-ina mi hriattir tum (subject)-a kha a pawimawh ber chu a ni tih kan hre \heuh tawh. Chuvangin kan hla thu, kan hla \awng thlum tak mai khan Kalvari te phuah ila. Lal Isua leh a hmangaihna te phuah ila, kan hla chu a \ha zawk em em ang tih a rinawm ta a ni” (99) tiin a ngaihdan a sawi zui bawk. Hei hi kum 1973 kuma a ziah a ni.
Sakhaw hlui ziaa puh a nih tak hnu khan kan hla hlui zia ral zel chu Hrawva chuan kum 1920 chho vel khana rawn thar thawh leh ta. Prof. Siamkima Khawlhring chuan Hrawva hi kan \awng leh hla thu hmanga hla phuah theih dan kawng min kawhhmuhtu a ni kan tih hian Lianchhiari te, Darpawngi te, Saikuti te leh Awithangapa te hla phuahho hi kan manghilh ta mai tihna a ni lo….. Hrawva hmaa mite ‘hla’ hi chu kan Mizo nun hlui, zawi zawia lo ral ta mai awihna kha a ni a; Hrawva hlate erawh hi chu nunthar leh duhthusam thar, Mizo nun leh rilrua awm hlen turte zawnna leh puan chhuahna a ni thung a” (Zalenna Ram 177)
Hrawva hla kan thlir hian Mizo \awng hi hla phuah nana a lo \hat zia kan hre chiang hle awm e. “Khawvel ruat hma” tih hla a phuahah chuan- Khawvel ruat hma, thangvan siam lai pawhin, Tûrni, chhawrthla, siâr an len hma khian; Chung Pathian Sal thum rorelte chuan, Thiam chang lo hnu chhandamna tur an rel (1-4) tiin Mizo hla thu dik tak a rawn hmang a. Pathiana minung pathum (trinity) sawi nana ‘Pathian Sal Thum rorelte chuan’ tih a han hmang te hian a hla thu chheh thiam zia a ti chiang viau mai. A chang tawp berah chuan- Tlanna a kim, Kalvari tlâng chungah, Chanchin \hain lawi ang a rawn thlen e; Lei tinrengin fak se, hrênga chhuahna, Thisen chhuakin a fam thin lenbuangah. (9-12) He hla changa kross sawi nana a hman ‘thing lenbuang’ tih hi Zopa thluk zaih mai a. A tir lama sawisel \hintu Pastor Liangkhaia meuh pawhin a han hriat thiam hnu chuan \ha a tih thu leh, midang pawhin ching zel se a duh thu a sawi hial a ni. Tin, ‘Chanchin \hain lawi ang rawn thlen e’ tiha a simile hman te hi hla phuahtu dang hman zen zen loh, Zopa tana fiah tak si chu a ni. Chutiang zelin ‘Thiante |henna’ hla kan en leh chuan hla phuahtu dangten an hman zen zen loh leh an hman thiam ve mang hauh loh chu a hmang thiam hle bawk. Alliteration mawi takin a rawn chhep a, chutih rualin a sap \awng taka kan dah dawn chuan word play a thiam hle a ni a tih theih bawk ang. Dâwn dàwn ila, ka dáwn ning thei dáwn lo ve,
Fam a awl e, kawrvai daiah, Hnutiang ngâia nilen chu tiin.
Hetah hian ‘dâwn dàwn ila ka dáwn ning thei dáwn lo ve ’ tih hi a mawi em em mai a. dawn tih thumal \heuh \heuh awmze dang pahnih neia a han phuah thiam te hi a ropui ngawt mai. Tin, internal rhyme mawi tak kan hmu bawk a, kawrvai leh daiah tih a han hmang kawp thiam te hi hmuhhmaih phal chi a ni lo. Sawi hmaih thiang lo, Hrawva hla danglamna em em chu a chhiartute a hneh mai piah lamah a sawi chhuah dan kal hmang a thiam em em mai hi a ni. Khuanu leng chawi tih hla kan en chuan a bul \an a\ang phatin chhiartuten khaw dang kan hawisan theih loh nan a chhiartu chu a han be pawp hmasa a. Chutiang chuan a sawi tum chu sawi chho nghalin a khawvelah chuan min chentir ta \hin a ni. Han en ve mah teh le, a bul \anna i hmuh rualin chhiar chhuah chaknain a zem che ang a, chhiar chhuak lo nih lah chu a inthlahrunawm hliah hliah tawh zawk ang. Ngai teh \hiana , tih chu kan hmuh rualin rilru inhawng takin eng nge ni tiin rilru vekin a lo chhawn hial thei nia. Ngai teh \hiana, ka dâwn lungruk riang ngei hi, Chûn chawi lovin val ka tlei lian, Khuanu lêngin min awi e tiin. Heng bakah hian sawi tur leh thur chhuah tur \hahnem tak a la awm a. Hrawva hlahril tam zawk hi chu syllabic – 11/8/7 hmanga phuah vek a ni a. ‘Pianna Lam ka chhui lo’ tih hla chu syllabic verse mawi tak 7 syllable hmangin a phuah vek a ni. Heng hi hla phuahtu tam tak te aia a chungnunna chu a ni. Tin, Hrawva hian tehkhinthu a hmang thiam em em mai hi a hla \hatna a ni bawk. Hla phuahtu dangten an hman ngai zen zen loh Mizo \awng mawi takin hmehbel tehkhin thu (metaphor) te, thil inang lo tak tehkhinna (simile) hman kawngah te a chungnung hle. Lei tinrengin fak se, hreng a chhuah nan, ( Line 11,12-Khawvel ruat hma)
Thisen chhuakin a fam ta thing lenbuangah .
A ngur lengin Baichi tlangpui, (Line 5 & 6-Rairahtea Hla) Khuai a ng kai lai a ngen e.
A hla pakhat, Ngaiteh kumhlui tih hlaah chuan Tuipui lianin phairuang a hnawl Kawrvai a thlen ang mai hianin Ngaiteh hunin nunhlui a hnawl Chatuan hmun thleng turin tiin. (Kum Hlui Thlahna Hla) He hla changa luipuiin phairuang a len thla a, hmun hla taka a hnawl thin anga mihring nun leh kum a han tehkhin te hian a hla thu chheh thiam zia a tilang chiang hle awm e. A zawng zawng kan sawi vek hman loh avangin hemi chinah hian i duhtawk phawt teh ang.
Hrawva hlate hi ‘Confessional Voice ’ a ni em? Hla phuahtu zawng zawng hi confessional poet tih theih mai an ni a. Chutih rualin an mahni nun inbunruak tak tak te leh an hla a\anga an nun hrehawm ber thlenga kan hriat theih te hi confessional poet kan tih zingah kan thlur bing tur chu an ni thung.
Confessional poetry hi American poetry criticism huang a\ang kan hriat a ni a. Mizo zingah phei chuan a la tlangnel lo hle awm e. Kan Mizo hla hlui zingah Darpawngi Zai te, Laltheri Zai kan tih te pawh hi he huanga khung theih hi a ni awm e. Miin a dinhmun dik tak thu leh hla hmanga inbunruak a, midang tarlan ngam loh an lailanna, a inpuanchhuahna, a tawrhna leh lawmna vawrhtawp thlenga midang hriatpui tura a puan chhuahna te, rilru thinglung taka a inbunruakna hla phuahtute hi confessional poet chu a ni ti ila a famkim ber mai awm e. Hrawva hla \henkhat te han thlir hian a nun a puangchhuak chiang viau mai a. Chutiang avang chuan confessional poet erawh a ni ngawt lova, an thu leh hla zawng zawng a\anga thlira mi hawih loh leh mi dang sawi ngam loh an nuna thleng, an thu leh hla kut chhuak hmanga inpuang \hin te hi confessional poet kan tih deuh bik te chu a n ni. Hrawva hian mihring leh mihring inzawmna hlut zia te, chhungkaw hlutna leh, nu leh pa hi fate tana an hlut zia chiang takin kan hmu thei a. A taka a lo paltlang tawh nun a a\angin amah ngeiin a hun tawn(g) chu hla hmangin min rawn chhawp chhuah sak a, amah a inbun ruaka, anihna a zahpui lova, a nihna bak a puang hek lo. Hei aia ‘confessional voice’ hi an awm chuang dawn em ni?A hla a\angin i lo thlir teh ang. Rairahtea hla hi nu leh pa hmangaihna hlut zia pho lanna leh fahrah nun hrehawmzia tarlanna a ni a.
He hlaah hian chang (verse) 59 zet awmin; chang khat (chang tâwp ber) tih loh chu tlar thum vek a ziah a ni a, chang tâwp ber erawh tlar li a ni. He hla hi hla hril peng hrang hrang zinga pakhat ballad (thawnthu hla) a ni a. Rairahtea dinhmun hi a phuahtu Hrawva nun a ni a, a naupan tet a\anga \anin a hun hrehawm paltlang te a tarlang a ni. A nun harsa tak chu hla hmangin mawi tak leh awme nei takin, hun indawt thlapin a puang chhuak a ni. He hla hi a hringnun bul \anna, a pian hlim a\anga Serkawn School a luh thlenga a hringnun chu chipchiar takin a tarlang a. Khawthlir khuaa a pian thu te, chumi hmuna an khawsak rei loh zia leh a hnua Baichi khuaa an pem dan chanchinin bul a \an a. A nu thih thu leh a ngaih zia te, a pa boral leh dan te thil thleng engkim kha indawt takin a tarlang a, chumai piahlamah amahin a tawrh dan engkim a tarlang bawk. Rairah riang te khuarei âr ang a vaih nân, Dan rual loh kâwla awmlaiin; A chûn banah a kai e. (Chang 6-na) a han ti chhuak te hian ahringnun hmlam hun tur chu nghahhlelh awm anih loh zia min hmuh tir a, Chang 22 na ah chuan- Tu’n nge hnem ang rairah chun ngai thlei lo chu, Kian rel lo kawla awmlaiin; A zua tui ang a la e tih kan hmu leh a, chung zawng zawng chu hringnuna mitin duh loh leh hlauh anih tawh piah lamah a ni zawng a la tuar ta fan a. A pami te kianga a awm hnu a, Rairah riang te chan tawk khua rel tling tur chu, Zopui lal lai tlangsel runah;
Kawlkei chun a rum lian e. (Chang41) a han ti thlawt mai a. Chumai a ni lo, ‘Rairah tuar rual lovin kawkei chun a lian e’ (Chang 45) tiin bul a han \an leh te hian a hringnun hrehawm dan tur chu a tarlang chiang viau a ni. He hla hian hian a nun a puang chhuak a, mi tam takin an hriat loh a nuna thil thleng a tarlanna hian ‘confessional voice’ ropui anih zia a ti chiang viau lo maw? He hlaah hian chûn tih 46 lai kan hmu a. Chûn leh zua tih hi chang tam berah a tarlang a, chang 10 leh 12-na ah phei chuan tlar tinah ‘chûn’ tih a hmang a ni. Chang sawmna lo tarlang ila- Chûn tawng lovin rûn in chhunga`n a vâi e, A chûn zâlna laikhum chülin; “Khawnge ka chûn?” a ti e. Heng a\ang hian Hrawva hian chhungkaw nun hi a hrechiang a, nu leh pa neih loh hrehawm zia chu chiang takin a tarlang a ni. Tin, ama nun sawifiah nana a hman tehkhinna ‘rairah riangte/ rairah’ tih pawh vawi 25 zet he hlaah hian a hmang bawk. Hei hi a nun chhungril tak tarlanna, a inpuanchhuahna chiang tak a ni bawk. ‘Khuanu Leng Chawi’ hlaah hian Hrawva hian nu tel lova a hringnun hman dan tarlangin, Pathian kaihhruaina leh enkawlna avang chauhva lo \hanglian a nih thu te, mi dangte an nu leh pate nena hlim taka an khawsa a hmuh changa hrehawm a tih \hin zia te, chu rairah dinhmun chu Siamtu Pathian chauhvin a hnem thei a ni tih te a tarlang bawk. Khawvela mihringte hi rualawt reng rengin kan nung a, chu chu hringnun ken tel a ni. Mi fate chu an nu leh pate’n duat leh hmangaih takin an chawi lian a, chu’ng a hmuh leh hriatte chuan a nu leh pa a ngaihna leh lunglenna a tizual fo tih a hlaah hian kan hmu thei.
‘A mi chûnnu’n lungduh hrailêng an awi e,
Kei ka chûnnu Khuanu lengin,
Awmhar riang té min awi e.’ Chang 3-na
‘Thinlai nâ e, kip te’n ka dawn ngam lo ve,
A mi zuapa’n an hraileng chawi,
Lungduh tinkim an hlan e’ Chang 7-na
Heng a\ang hian he hlaa Hrawva nuna a nu leh pa dinhmun pawimawh zia; an ngaia a lunglen \hin zia te, an tel lova a hringnun hman chu a tan hun hrehawm tak anih zia te, mi dangte awt reng renga a nun hman \hin dân te a tarlang chiang hle awm e. A nun chu chiang takin he hlaah pawh hian kan hmu thei ang.
Hrawva hringnun puma a innghahna ber chu Pathian anih zia a hla tam tak khar nan a hmang \hin. Ani tluka Pathiana rinna nghat hi an tam viau loving, a nun zawng zawng a inbunruah hnua amah enkawl a, hruaitu, a theihnghilh ngai loh chu ‘Biak lai Chung Pathian’ anih zia hi a ni. Hei hian a hla tam ber a khar a, amah vengtu leh chawi seiliantu, a innghahna anih zia a tarlan vek a ni.
Father of Mizo Poet ry
Hrawva hi Mizo thu leh hla thlitfimna (criticism) lama hmahruai Prof. Siamkima Khawlhring chuan Father of Mizo Poetry nih a pe a. Chutih laiin \hangthar thu leh hla lama duai lo tak Mafaa Hauhnar chuan L.Biakliana chu Father of Mizo Poetry nihna a pe ve leh bawk. Thu leh hla huangah hian ngaihdan dik zam theih anih loh avangin miin a thlirna mit a\anga chik taka a thlir hnua tling leh tlaka a puan chu han hnawl ngawt theih anih loh avangin a thlirtu ngaihdan hi a pawimawh ber lai chu a ni.
Siamkima Khawlhring hian a lehkhabu ‘Zalenna Ram’ tihah chuan Hrawva hi Mizo hla thu mila poetry ziaranga hla phuah hmasa ber anih avangin he nihna hi a pe a. Hrawva hlate a\ang hian he dinhmun leh nihna hi a phu reng em tih lo belchiang dawn ila.
Zosapten hawrawp min siam sak a, hla tam tak min lehlin sak a, sap hla thluk mai bakah kan hla hlui hlathu \ha tak tak te chu ‘sakhaw hlui’ zia tiin min paih sak zel a. Mizo taka hla thu kan neih ve te a chuai tak hnua hla tluang piah lama thawnthu hla leh poetry zia rang keng hla lo phuah chhuaktu anih avangin Hrawva hi kan hnam thu leh hla huangah a pawimawh hle. Chumai ni lovin kan hla hlui chang bithliah (traditional verse form) hmanga hla phuahtu hmasa a leh chawinungtu anih avangte hian Siamkima Khawlhring chuan Father of Mizo Poetry nihna hi a pe hial reng a ni.
A hla, ama chanchin behchhana a phuah “Rairahtea Hla” leh “Khuanu Leng Chawi” hi poetry genre hrang zinga pakhat thawnthu hla (ballad) ziaranga phuah a ni a. Hrahril huanga bul \antu leh kawng sialtu pawimawh tak a ni a. Tin, hla thu lam (syllable) ah pawh kal phung deuh a nei a, mi dang hman ngam loh hla thu mawi leh nalh tak tak hmangin poetry tha tak min chhawp chhuah sak a ni. Hrawva hlate hi hring nun tarlanna darthlalang fiah tak an a ni a. Rin dan leh duhthusam maia phuah chhuah pawh ni lo, ama tawn leh nun a\anga a rawn puan chhuahna (poetry of experience) a ni. A hla tam berte hi kan sawi tawh angin ama nun ram tarlanna (confessional voice) a ni a.
Traditional verse form kan tih mai, tlar thum hla hmanga hla lo phuah hmasa tu leh tunlai hla kalhmang hnualsuat chuang lova lo kal kawp puitu zinga mi a ni a. A hlate hi Mizo \awng mawi leh hla thu, kristian sakhaw lo luh hnua kan bansan tak rawn lan chhuah lehna hmasa ber a ni a. Hei hi Mizo hla thu thamral mai tur lo dinthar leh tu anihna pawimawh tak a ni bawk.
*******************
Works Cited 1. Siamkima Khawlhring - Zalenna Ram 2. Hranghluite Sulhnu - B.Lalthangliana
Bibliography Lalhlimpuii, Confessional Voice of Darpawngi and Laltheri , Paper Present on National Consultative Seminar on tribal Society, Language and Literature of NE India, 2015, (unpublished) Lalthangliana B, ‘Hranghluite Sulhnu’ , Publised and Printed by RTM Press, Chhinga Veng, Aizawl, 1996. Print -, Mizo Hla leh A Phuahtute , (edt), Hrangbana College Aizawl publication, 1999. Print Khiangte, Laltluangliana, Dr., (edt) Mizo Hlahril Thlanchhuahte , Felfim Computer, Mission Veng, Aizawl, 1999. Print Lalsangzuala, Asst. Proffessor, Mizo Department, MZU ‘Hrawva Chanchin’ (unpublished) Siamkima Khawlhring, Zalenna Ram , Publised by Mc Lalrinthanga, Khatla, Aizawl, third edition, 2002. Print Thanmawia, R.L, (edt) Ngirtling , Publised by College Text Book Editorial Board, MZU, Fifth Edition, 2011. Print
‘Khuanu Leng Chawi’ Hrawva hi kum 1891 khan Lunglei chhak, Khawthir (Khawthlir ni lovin) khuaah a piang a. A lâiah hming chu Rolala a ni. Khawthir khua a\anga an insawn hnu a, hrawva ram an neih a\angin he hming hi a pu ta a, Khiangte-Chawngte hnam an ni. Naupang tê anih laiin a nu Dolâii in a boral san a. A nu boral hnu rei lo teah a pa Than\hula`n a boral san ve leh a. Hun harsa tam tak paltlangin a u Makthanga bulah, Serkâwnah khawsa in Serkâwn sikulah Middle English thleng a zir a.
Shillong a\angin Matric a zawh hnuah kum 1924 khan Scottish Church College, Calcutta a\angin BA a pass a, Mizo zinga BA pass hmasa ber a ni nghe nghe. Kum 1926-a\angin Boys` ME School, Aizawl-ah zirtirtu hna a thawk \an a, kum 1927- 1945 chhung Headmaster hna a chelh hnuah a u Makthanga hmun luahin kum 1945 khan Aizawl lal a ni ta a ni. Kum 1926, October thlaah Melthum nula Lalluii nen an innei a, fa sawm leh pakhat (13) neiin, Fapa 6 leh fanu 7 a nei a. Naupan laiin 2 an thi a, a dang zawng 11 chu puitlin thleng an dam; chûng zinga pakhat chu thu leh hlaa leh thiamna lama Zofate rohlu, "Mizo Writer of the Century" KC Lalvunga(Zikpuii Pa)I.F.S(Rtd) hi a ni.
Kum 1956, April ni 28 khan kum 63 mi niin chatuan ram a pan a, Venghlui thlanmualah vuiliam a ni. Hrawva hi mi dangdai tak a ni a; Lal a nih lai khan naupang kutdawh pakhat Lal ina kut a rawn dawh \hin a, Hrawva chuan cheng khat hi a lo pe thin a. A lo kal ta fo va, Pu Hrawva chuan a lo kal apiangin cheng khat a lo pe ta ziah a. Hetih lai hian cheng khat hi hlu tak a ni. Chutia Pu Hrawva thiltih dan chu a fapa Lalvuta chuan a ngaithiam ta lo va, "Ka pa, he naupang kut dawh hi pawisa pe tawh suh," a ti a. Pu Hrawva chuan, "Engvangin maw?' a ti a. Lalvuta chuan,"I pawisa pëk hian meizial te a lei a, thil ho mai mai a lei \hin a, a \ha lo," a ti a. Pu Hrawva chuan,"Kut a dawh duhna rilru hrim hrim hi pëk tlâk a ni," a ti ta daih mai a! Chutianga mi ngilneih leh a Pathian hre reng, chan chhe zawkte hmangaih \hin mi a ni.
Hrawva Kutchhuak Hla te
Hrawva hming hi Aizawl lal anihna leh Mizo zinga BA pass hmasa ber anihna hian a hla phuah thim nihna hi a lehkhalh fova. Hrawva hian hla 16 phuahin hla 5 a letling a, mah se hla phuah thiam tak a nih avangin heng a hlate hian belhchian a dâwl em em a, tun thlenga hla lar tam tak a awm a ni. Rimawi ngaina tak a ni a, zai ri tluka ngaihnawm tih a nei lo ve an ti hial a ni. A hla phuah leh lenlin te chu -
1. Rairahtea hla,
2. Baichi Khawhlui tlawh thu,
3. Pu Thangluaia SDC phuahna,
4. Phaituala lehkhazir u thihna
5. Thirhrui hmuh thu,
6. |hiante |henna,
7. Awmkhawmna in hlui,
8. Khuanu léng chawi.
9. Kumhlui Thlahna
10. Vanram
11. Ngaiteh Vawiin Van Lal Fapa
12. Aw van lengrual zaithiamte u
13. Khawilam mi nge?
14. Khua lo \halin (Hla Bial) {Lehlin}
15. Ngai r’u van mi tlangau chu (lehlin)
16. I zahngaihna avangin (Lehlin)
17. Khawngaihtakin Aw Lalpa (lehlin)
18. Kan lungduh ber kan lawmna ber
19. Khawvel ruat hma, thangvan siam
20. Isuan Ro a rel e (KHB 245) {lehlin)
21. Pianna thu lam ka chhui lo (with short essay)
tih te hi a ni.
Heng a hla phuahte hi chi thumah \hen theih niin a lang a. A hmasa berah chuan hlahril huangah heng-
1 . Rairahtea hla,
2 . Baichi Khawhlui tlawh thu,
3 . Pu Thangluaia SDC phuahna,
4 . Phaituala lehkhazir u thihna
5 . Thirhrui hmuh thu,
6 . |hiante |henna,
7 . Awmkhawmna in hlui,
8 . Khuanu léng chawi
9. Pianna thu lam ka chhui lo. tih hla te hi khung theih an ni a.
Heng zingah hian “Pianna thu lam ka chhui lo” tih ‘Tu nge Mi ropui’ tih essay tawpnaa a hman tih loh hi chu traditional verse form, tlar thum hla kan tih anga, chang khata tlar thum zel awma phuah a ni a. A pahnihnaah chuan Hla lehlin (translate) huangah heng-
1. Khua lo \halin (Hla Bial)
2. Ngai r’u van mi tlangau chu
3. I zahngaihna avangin
4. Khawngaihtakin Aw Lalpa
5. Isuan Ro a rel e
Heng bakah a hla hlawm thumna chu kristianna lam hla phuahna te hi an ni a. Hemi huangah hian-
1. Kumhlui Thlahna
2. Vanram
3. Ngaiteh Vawiin Van Lal Fapa
4. Aw van lengrual zaithiamte u
5. Kan lungduh ber kan lawmna ber
6. Khawvel ruat hma, thangvan siam
7. Khawilam mi nge?
Heng a hla phuahte hi a hlawm hmasa ho hi Culcutta a a awmlai kum 1920 chho vela a phuah niin a lang a. A dangte erawh chu hun sawifiah a har a, a hla hnuhnung Vanram tih te hi chu kum 1950 vel bawra a phuah niin a lang thung. Heng a hla zawng zawng hi kan sawi kim vek thei lo anga, a hla \henkhat te hi kan thlir thuak thuak dawn chauh a ni.
Hrawva hla thuchheh dan kal hmang (poetic diction) Hla ti hla tu ber chu hlarua kan hman thiam danah te, kan sawifiahna kawng leh kan sawifiah dan kawng hi a ni. Mizo \awng leh \awng dangah pawh nise ‘hla thu’ kan tih deuh bik hi a awm a. Hei hi hla hlutna tehna pawimawh tak pawh a ni thei ang. Hrawva hi kristianna in kan ram a chim hnua Mizo hla thu hmanga kawng sattu hmasa a ni a. Kan hla hlui ziarang chu kan sakhua nen a kal kawp hlei thei tawh lova, zawi zawiin a liam a. Rev Liangkhaia chuan Kan kristian hla hia siam hmasatu Missionary-te khan Mizovin hla thu bik an nei tih hre lovin thu ziak pangngai (prose) mai mai hi a thluk remin hla angin an ziak a, kan sa ta mai a. Tuna keini upa ho, Mizo hmasate lah khan, Pathian lam hla chu heti tur reng hi emaw kan ti a, kan hla pangngai chu khawvel zai emaw kan ti a;..” (Hranghluite Sulhnu, 98)
tiin sakhaw thar hla dinhmun a sawi a. Heng hi hun hmasa lama an hla neihte kha nula leh tlangval inkara inlemna hla (love song) vela an hman nasat em avang kha a ni a. Amaherawhchu tunah hi chuan hla thu ringawt kha chuan pawi a khawih lova, a hla-ina mi hriattir tum (subject)-a kha a pawimawh ber chu a ni tih kan hre \heuh tawh. Chuvangin kan hla thu, kan hla \awng thlum tak mai khan Kalvari te phuah ila. Lal Isua leh a hmangaihna te phuah ila, kan hla chu a \ha zawk em em ang tih a rinawm ta a ni” (99) tiin a ngaihdan a sawi zui bawk. Hei hi kum 1973 kuma a ziah a ni.
Sakhaw hlui ziaa puh a nih tak hnu khan kan hla hlui zia ral zel chu Hrawva chuan kum 1920 chho vel khana rawn thar thawh leh ta. Prof. Siamkima Khawlhring chuan Hrawva hi kan \awng leh hla thu hmanga hla phuah theih dan kawng min kawhhmuhtu a ni kan tih hian Lianchhiari te, Darpawngi te, Saikuti te leh Awithangapa te hla phuahho hi kan manghilh ta mai tihna a ni lo….. Hrawva hmaa mite ‘hla’ hi chu kan Mizo nun hlui, zawi zawia lo ral ta mai awihna kha a ni a; Hrawva hlate erawh hi chu nunthar leh duhthusam thar, Mizo nun leh rilrua awm hlen turte zawnna leh puan chhuahna a ni thung a” (Zalenna Ram 177)
Hrawva hla kan thlir hian Mizo \awng hi hla phuah nana a lo \hat zia kan hre chiang hle awm e. “Khawvel ruat hma” tih hla a phuahah chuan- Khawvel ruat hma, thangvan siam lai pawhin, Tûrni, chhawrthla, siâr an len hma khian; Chung Pathian Sal thum rorelte chuan, Thiam chang lo hnu chhandamna tur an rel (1-4) tiin Mizo hla thu dik tak a rawn hmang a. Pathiana minung pathum (trinity) sawi nana ‘Pathian Sal Thum rorelte chuan’ tih a han hmang te hian a hla thu chheh thiam zia a ti chiang viau mai. A chang tawp berah chuan- Tlanna a kim, Kalvari tlâng chungah, Chanchin \hain lawi ang a rawn thlen e; Lei tinrengin fak se, hrênga chhuahna, Thisen chhuakin a fam thin lenbuangah. (9-12) He hla changa kross sawi nana a hman ‘thing lenbuang’ tih hi Zopa thluk zaih mai a. A tir lama sawisel \hintu Pastor Liangkhaia meuh pawhin a han hriat thiam hnu chuan \ha a tih thu leh, midang pawhin ching zel se a duh thu a sawi hial a ni. Tin, ‘Chanchin \hain lawi ang rawn thlen e’ tiha a simile hman te hi hla phuahtu dang hman zen zen loh, Zopa tana fiah tak si chu a ni. Chutiang zelin ‘Thiante |henna’ hla kan en leh chuan hla phuahtu dangten an hman zen zen loh leh an hman thiam ve mang hauh loh chu a hmang thiam hle bawk. Alliteration mawi takin a rawn chhep a, chutih rualin a sap \awng taka kan dah dawn chuan word play a thiam hle a ni a tih theih bawk ang. Dâwn dàwn ila, ka dáwn ning thei dáwn lo ve,
Fam a awl e, kawrvai daiah, Hnutiang ngâia nilen chu tiin.
Hetah hian ‘dâwn dàwn ila ka dáwn ning thei dáwn lo ve ’ tih hi a mawi em em mai a. dawn tih thumal \heuh \heuh awmze dang pahnih neia a han phuah thiam te hi a ropui ngawt mai. Tin, internal rhyme mawi tak kan hmu bawk a, kawrvai leh daiah tih a han hmang kawp thiam te hi hmuhhmaih phal chi a ni lo. Sawi hmaih thiang lo, Hrawva hla danglamna em em chu a chhiartute a hneh mai piah lamah a sawi chhuah dan kal hmang a thiam em em mai hi a ni. Khuanu leng chawi tih hla kan en chuan a bul \an a\ang phatin chhiartuten khaw dang kan hawisan theih loh nan a chhiartu chu a han be pawp hmasa a. Chutiang chuan a sawi tum chu sawi chho nghalin a khawvelah chuan min chentir ta \hin a ni. Han en ve mah teh le, a bul \anna i hmuh rualin chhiar chhuah chaknain a zem che ang a, chhiar chhuak lo nih lah chu a inthlahrunawm hliah hliah tawh zawk ang. Ngai teh \hiana , tih chu kan hmuh rualin rilru inhawng takin eng nge ni tiin rilru vekin a lo chhawn hial thei nia. Ngai teh \hiana, ka dâwn lungruk riang ngei hi, Chûn chawi lovin val ka tlei lian, Khuanu lêngin min awi e tiin. Heng bakah hian sawi tur leh thur chhuah tur \hahnem tak a la awm a. Hrawva hlahril tam zawk hi chu syllabic – 11/8/7 hmanga phuah vek a ni a. ‘Pianna Lam ka chhui lo’ tih hla chu syllabic verse mawi tak 7 syllable hmangin a phuah vek a ni. Heng hi hla phuahtu tam tak te aia a chungnunna chu a ni. Tin, Hrawva hian tehkhinthu a hmang thiam em em mai hi a hla \hatna a ni bawk. Hla phuahtu dangten an hman ngai zen zen loh Mizo \awng mawi takin hmehbel tehkhin thu (metaphor) te, thil inang lo tak tehkhinna (simile) hman kawngah te a chungnung hle. Lei tinrengin fak se, hreng a chhuah nan, ( Line 11,12-Khawvel ruat hma)
Thisen chhuakin a fam ta thing lenbuangah .
A ngur lengin Baichi tlangpui, (Line 5 & 6-Rairahtea Hla) Khuai a ng kai lai a ngen e.
A hla pakhat, Ngaiteh kumhlui tih hlaah chuan Tuipui lianin phairuang a hnawl Kawrvai a thlen ang mai hianin Ngaiteh hunin nunhlui a hnawl Chatuan hmun thleng turin tiin. (Kum Hlui Thlahna Hla) He hla changa luipuiin phairuang a len thla a, hmun hla taka a hnawl thin anga mihring nun leh kum a han tehkhin te hian a hla thu chheh thiam zia a tilang chiang hle awm e. A zawng zawng kan sawi vek hman loh avangin hemi chinah hian i duhtawk phawt teh ang.
Hrawva hlate hi ‘Confessional Voice ’ a ni em? Hla phuahtu zawng zawng hi confessional poet tih theih mai an ni a. Chutih rualin an mahni nun inbunruak tak tak te leh an hla a\anga an nun hrehawm ber thlenga kan hriat theih te hi confessional poet kan tih zingah kan thlur bing tur chu an ni thung.
Confessional poetry hi American poetry criticism huang a\ang kan hriat a ni a. Mizo zingah phei chuan a la tlangnel lo hle awm e. Kan Mizo hla hlui zingah Darpawngi Zai te, Laltheri Zai kan tih te pawh hi he huanga khung theih hi a ni awm e. Miin a dinhmun dik tak thu leh hla hmanga inbunruak a, midang tarlan ngam loh an lailanna, a inpuanchhuahna, a tawrhna leh lawmna vawrhtawp thlenga midang hriatpui tura a puan chhuahna te, rilru thinglung taka a inbunruakna hla phuahtute hi confessional poet chu a ni ti ila a famkim ber mai awm e. Hrawva hla \henkhat te han thlir hian a nun a puangchhuak chiang viau mai a. Chutiang avang chuan confessional poet erawh a ni ngawt lova, an thu leh hla zawng zawng a\anga thlira mi hawih loh leh mi dang sawi ngam loh an nuna thleng, an thu leh hla kut chhuak hmanga inpuang \hin te hi confessional poet kan tih deuh bik te chu a n ni. Hrawva hian mihring leh mihring inzawmna hlut zia te, chhungkaw hlutna leh, nu leh pa hi fate tana an hlut zia chiang takin kan hmu thei a. A taka a lo paltlang tawh nun a a\angin amah ngeiin a hun tawn(g) chu hla hmangin min rawn chhawp chhuah sak a, amah a inbun ruaka, anihna a zahpui lova, a nihna bak a puang hek lo. Hei aia ‘confessional voice’ hi an awm chuang dawn em ni?A hla a\angin i lo thlir teh ang. Rairahtea hla hi nu leh pa hmangaihna hlut zia pho lanna leh fahrah nun hrehawmzia tarlanna a ni a.
He hlaah hian chang (verse) 59 zet awmin; chang khat (chang tâwp ber) tih loh chu tlar thum vek a ziah a ni a, chang tâwp ber erawh tlar li a ni. He hla hi hla hril peng hrang hrang zinga pakhat ballad (thawnthu hla) a ni a. Rairahtea dinhmun hi a phuahtu Hrawva nun a ni a, a naupan tet a\anga \anin a hun hrehawm paltlang te a tarlang a ni. A nun harsa tak chu hla hmangin mawi tak leh awme nei takin, hun indawt thlapin a puang chhuak a ni. He hla hi a hringnun bul \anna, a pian hlim a\anga Serkawn School a luh thlenga a hringnun chu chipchiar takin a tarlang a. Khawthlir khuaa a pian thu te, chumi hmuna an khawsak rei loh zia leh a hnua Baichi khuaa an pem dan chanchinin bul a \an a. A nu thih thu leh a ngaih zia te, a pa boral leh dan te thil thleng engkim kha indawt takin a tarlang a, chumai piahlamah amahin a tawrh dan engkim a tarlang bawk. Rairah riang te khuarei âr ang a vaih nân, Dan rual loh kâwla awmlaiin; A chûn banah a kai e. (Chang 6-na) a han ti chhuak te hian ahringnun hmlam hun tur chu nghahhlelh awm anih loh zia min hmuh tir a, Chang 22 na ah chuan- Tu’n nge hnem ang rairah chun ngai thlei lo chu, Kian rel lo kawla awmlaiin; A zua tui ang a la e tih kan hmu leh a, chung zawng zawng chu hringnuna mitin duh loh leh hlauh anih tawh piah lamah a ni zawng a la tuar ta fan a. A pami te kianga a awm hnu a, Rairah riang te chan tawk khua rel tling tur chu, Zopui lal lai tlangsel runah;
Kawlkei chun a rum lian e. (Chang41) a han ti thlawt mai a. Chumai a ni lo, ‘Rairah tuar rual lovin kawkei chun a lian e’ (Chang 45) tiin bul a han \an leh te hian a hringnun hrehawm dan tur chu a tarlang chiang viau a ni. He hla hian hian a nun a puang chhuak a, mi tam takin an hriat loh a nuna thil thleng a tarlanna hian ‘confessional voice’ ropui anih zia a ti chiang viau lo maw? He hlaah hian chûn tih 46 lai kan hmu a. Chûn leh zua tih hi chang tam berah a tarlang a, chang 10 leh 12-na ah phei chuan tlar tinah ‘chûn’ tih a hmang a ni. Chang sawmna lo tarlang ila- Chûn tawng lovin rûn in chhunga`n a vâi e, A chûn zâlna laikhum chülin; “Khawnge ka chûn?” a ti e. Heng a\ang hian Hrawva hian chhungkaw nun hi a hrechiang a, nu leh pa neih loh hrehawm zia chu chiang takin a tarlang a ni. Tin, ama nun sawifiah nana a hman tehkhinna ‘rairah riangte/ rairah’ tih pawh vawi 25 zet he hlaah hian a hmang bawk. Hei hi a nun chhungril tak tarlanna, a inpuanchhuahna chiang tak a ni bawk. ‘Khuanu Leng Chawi’ hlaah hian Hrawva hian nu tel lova a hringnun hman dan tarlangin, Pathian kaihhruaina leh enkawlna avang chauhva lo \hanglian a nih thu te, mi dangte an nu leh pate nena hlim taka an khawsa a hmuh changa hrehawm a tih \hin zia te, chu rairah dinhmun chu Siamtu Pathian chauhvin a hnem thei a ni tih te a tarlang bawk. Khawvela mihringte hi rualawt reng rengin kan nung a, chu chu hringnun ken tel a ni. Mi fate chu an nu leh pate’n duat leh hmangaih takin an chawi lian a, chu’ng a hmuh leh hriatte chuan a nu leh pa a ngaihna leh lunglenna a tizual fo tih a hlaah hian kan hmu thei.
‘A mi chûnnu’n lungduh hrailêng an awi e,
Kei ka chûnnu Khuanu lengin,
Awmhar riang té min awi e.’ Chang 3-na
‘Thinlai nâ e, kip te’n ka dawn ngam lo ve,
A mi zuapa’n an hraileng chawi,
Lungduh tinkim an hlan e’ Chang 7-na
Heng a\ang hian he hlaa Hrawva nuna a nu leh pa dinhmun pawimawh zia; an ngaia a lunglen \hin zia te, an tel lova a hringnun hman chu a tan hun hrehawm tak anih zia te, mi dangte awt reng renga a nun hman \hin dân te a tarlang chiang hle awm e. A nun chu chiang takin he hlaah pawh hian kan hmu thei ang.
Hrawva hringnun puma a innghahna ber chu Pathian anih zia a hla tam tak khar nan a hmang \hin. Ani tluka Pathiana rinna nghat hi an tam viau loving, a nun zawng zawng a inbunruah hnua amah enkawl a, hruaitu, a theihnghilh ngai loh chu ‘Biak lai Chung Pathian’ anih zia hi a ni. Hei hian a hla tam ber a khar a, amah vengtu leh chawi seiliantu, a innghahna anih zia a tarlan vek a ni.
Father of Mizo Poet ry
Hrawva hi Mizo thu leh hla thlitfimna (criticism) lama hmahruai Prof. Siamkima Khawlhring chuan Father of Mizo Poetry nih a pe a. Chutih laiin \hangthar thu leh hla lama duai lo tak Mafaa Hauhnar chuan L.Biakliana chu Father of Mizo Poetry nihna a pe ve leh bawk. Thu leh hla huangah hian ngaihdan dik zam theih anih loh avangin miin a thlirna mit a\anga chik taka a thlir hnua tling leh tlaka a puan chu han hnawl ngawt theih anih loh avangin a thlirtu ngaihdan hi a pawimawh ber lai chu a ni.
Siamkima Khawlhring hian a lehkhabu ‘Zalenna Ram’ tihah chuan Hrawva hi Mizo hla thu mila poetry ziaranga hla phuah hmasa ber anih avangin he nihna hi a pe a. Hrawva hlate a\ang hian he dinhmun leh nihna hi a phu reng em tih lo belchiang dawn ila.
Zosapten hawrawp min siam sak a, hla tam tak min lehlin sak a, sap hla thluk mai bakah kan hla hlui hlathu \ha tak tak te chu ‘sakhaw hlui’ zia tiin min paih sak zel a. Mizo taka hla thu kan neih ve te a chuai tak hnua hla tluang piah lama thawnthu hla leh poetry zia rang keng hla lo phuah chhuaktu anih avangin Hrawva hi kan hnam thu leh hla huangah a pawimawh hle. Chumai ni lovin kan hla hlui chang bithliah (traditional verse form) hmanga hla phuahtu hmasa a leh chawinungtu anih avangte hian Siamkima Khawlhring chuan Father of Mizo Poetry nihna hi a pe hial reng a ni.
A hla, ama chanchin behchhana a phuah “Rairahtea Hla” leh “Khuanu Leng Chawi” hi poetry genre hrang zinga pakhat thawnthu hla (ballad) ziaranga phuah a ni a. Hrahril huanga bul \antu leh kawng sialtu pawimawh tak a ni a. Tin, hla thu lam (syllable) ah pawh kal phung deuh a nei a, mi dang hman ngam loh hla thu mawi leh nalh tak tak hmangin poetry tha tak min chhawp chhuah sak a ni. Hrawva hlate hi hring nun tarlanna darthlalang fiah tak an a ni a. Rin dan leh duhthusam maia phuah chhuah pawh ni lo, ama tawn leh nun a\anga a rawn puan chhuahna (poetry of experience) a ni. A hla tam berte hi kan sawi tawh angin ama nun ram tarlanna (confessional voice) a ni a.
Traditional verse form kan tih mai, tlar thum hla hmanga hla lo phuah hmasa tu leh tunlai hla kalhmang hnualsuat chuang lova lo kal kawp puitu zinga mi a ni a. A hlate hi Mizo \awng mawi leh hla thu, kristian sakhaw lo luh hnua kan bansan tak rawn lan chhuah lehna hmasa ber a ni a. Hei hi Mizo hla thu thamral mai tur lo dinthar leh tu anihna pawimawh tak a ni bawk.
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Works Cited 1. Siamkima Khawlhring - Zalenna Ram 2. Hranghluite Sulhnu - B.Lalthangliana
Bibliography Lalhlimpuii, Confessional Voice of Darpawngi and Laltheri , Paper Present on National Consultative Seminar on tribal Society, Language and Literature of NE India, 2015, (unpublished) Lalthangliana B, ‘Hranghluite Sulhnu’ , Publised and Printed by RTM Press, Chhinga Veng, Aizawl, 1996. Print -, Mizo Hla leh A Phuahtute , (edt), Hrangbana College Aizawl publication, 1999. Print Khiangte, Laltluangliana, Dr., (edt) Mizo Hlahril Thlanchhuahte , Felfim Computer, Mission Veng, Aizawl, 1999. Print Lalsangzuala, Asst. Proffessor, Mizo Department, MZU ‘Hrawva Chanchin’ (unpublished) Siamkima Khawlhring, Zalenna Ram , Publised by Mc Lalrinthanga, Khatla, Aizawl, third edition, 2002. Print Thanmawia, R.L, (edt) Ngirtling , Publised by College Text Book Editorial Board, MZU, Fifth Edition, 2011. Print
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