I.
Sawihawnna :
Thu leh
hla khawvel ah Lemchan (Drama) hian hmanlai a\angin hmun pawimawh tak a chang
\hin a. Mi thiamte chuan Drama hi hmasang Grik (Greek) hmasahoin kum 3000-2000
B.C vel daih tawha Sakhuana avanga an hrin chhuah ni in an ngai nghe nghe a.
Lemchan dan tur an buatsaih kawngah pawh thiltih(deeds), thawnthu(story),
Lemchan(play) ti in an \hen hrang ve \hin.
Lemchan
hi khawthlang mite tan a hlut em avangin mifing leh lehkha thiam te pawhin dan
leh dun hrang hrang an zam \hin a. Aristotle-a dan zam phei chu William
Shakespeare lo lan hma phei chuan tuman an bawh pelh ngai lo nghe nghe.
Nimahsela
classical period kalsan \ul tawh ni a hretu John Dryen (1631-1700) chuan “Greek ho chuan chuti chuan an ti emaw, ‘Aristotle-a
chuan chuti chuan a ti’ tih ringawt inkhuahkhirhtir reng mai chu a
veikhawrthlak deuh va. Mihring finna leh thiamna lo sang zelah hian tih dan
thar kan chher chhuah a \ul a ni” (qtd in Literature Kawngpui, 202) tia a lo sawi angin William Shakespeare te leh Romanticism
hunlaia Lemchan ziaktu lo chhuak ho chuan dan thar siamin, bung thar an lo kai
ta a ni.
II. William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
hi kum 1564 April ni 26 ah Stratford-upon-Avon-ah apiang a. Apa chu John
Shakespeare ni in anu chu Mary Shakespeare
a ni. Kum 18 mi lek a nih laiin Anne Hathaway nupui ah a nei a, fa
pathum an nei. Kum 1585 a\angin lemchan lamah a inhmang chho a, Lemchan bakah
hian hla phuah pawh a thiam hle. Lemchan thawnthu ziaktu a nih bakah
Shakespeare hian lem a chang ve fova, ama pualin lemchangtu pawl King’s Men a
din nghe nghe bawk. . Kum 1616 April ni 23 khan kum 52 mi niin a boral.
Shakespeare hian
Lemchan sawmthum pasarih (37) lai a ziak a. Chung a Lemchan ziah te chu hlawm
thum viz., History, Comedy leh Tragedy ti te in an \hen hrang \hin a. A
kutchhuak te hi a boral hnuah a \hian John Heminges leh Henry Condell te chuan
‘First Falio’ tiin kum 1623 khan an ti chhuak.
III. Julius Caesar
Shakespeare
hian Lemchan a ziah reng reng hi mihring nun chhungril leh mizia phochhuak
lovin a ziak ngai lova. A tawnthu ziah
reng reng hian setting chi hrang hrang, a taka bleh theih chiah loh an nei vek
hlawm. Rome te, Venice te, Verona, Denmark tih te pawh a thawnthu ah awm \hin
mahse a thawnthu te kha heng hmuna thleng tak tak ai mahin suangtuahna ram anga
ngaih theih an ni deuh fur. Hetih lai hian Julius Caesar Lemchan erawh hi chu Rom
lal ropui Caesar-a (44 B.C) chanchin behchhana hmanga kum 1599 vela a ziah ni
in a lang a. Shakespeare-a hian he lemchan thawnthu, Rom history behchana ziah
hi Plutarch-a
ziak ‘Life of Brutus’ leh ‘Life of Caesar’ tih a\anga a lak a ni bawk. He
Julius Caesar lemchan hian hmunhma (setting) atan Rome hmangin, 15 February 44
B.C ah Rome a in\an in Philippi, Greece ah 42 B.C ah a tawp a ni.
He
Lemchan hi ‘Historical Tragedy’ tia dah an tam ber a, a chhan pawh History
behchhan, tragedy Lemchan a nih vang a ni. He Lemchan ah hian Caesar-a, Rome
lal ni mai tur chu phiar ruk a ni a, Rome chhunga mi lian tam tak chuan amah
that in Caesar-a tana rinawm Antony chuan phuba lak nan Brutus leh a \hiante
chu a that/ hneh let veleh ta a ni.
IV. Elements of Drama A\anga Thlirna
Lemchan
hmanrua (Element of Drama) hi lemchan siamtu ber a ni a, hemi tel lo hi chuan
Lemchan a nihna a lang thei lo \hin. He Lemchan Julius Caesar pawh hian element
of drama kan tih hi a nei a, hei hian Lemchan (drama) a nih tir kan ti thei
ang. Chutiang element hrang hrang te chu lo thlir i la :
IV.I Plot
Plot hi
thawnthu laimu a ni kan ti thei ang. Lemchan thawnthu ruangam leh pianzia kha
plot hian a huam a, ‘thawnthu laimu leh thawnthu tingaihnawmtu a ni’
(qtn in Literature Lamtluang, 159). Sawi tawh angin classical theory hnawlin
William Shakespeare hian thawnthu a ziak \hin a. He Lemchan Julius Caesar pawh
hian classical drama kaldan pangngai chu zawm lovin three unities kan tih unity
of time, action leh place te hi a hnawl a, a thawnthu hian kum hnih vel lai a
awh ni in an chhut.
Aristotle chuan “Tragedy
lemchanah chuan thawnthu ruangam hi lemchan tinungtu thlarau a ni” (qtd.
In Literature Lamtluang,159) ti a a lo sawi angin plot hian thawnthu pumpui a
tinungin a tingaihnawm a. Thawnthu laimu ber a ni kan ti thei ang.
Gutav Fregtag-chuan
plot hi mumal takin a \hen a, a pianhmang (structure) pawh ‘Freytag’s
pyramid’ tiin an vuah nghe nghe. He German novelist leh playwright
Gustav hian Lemchan pianhmang chu hlawm nga (5) ah a \hen a. Chung a\ang chuan
he Julius Caesar Lemchan thawnthu ruangam (plot) hi lo thlir thuak thuak I la.
a) Exposition : Exposition
chu thu bul phochhuahna kan ti thei ang. Hei hian Lemchan thawnthu-a mihring
awm te chanchin leh dinhmun a tarlang \hin a, a thawnthua a changtu ber
(protagonist) thil tum leh ruahman dan tur pawh he exposition vang hian lo
thlir lawk thiamna kan neih phah thei a ni. Julius Caesar Lemchan thu bul
phochhuahna (exposition) ah hian Rome khawpui kawtthler lo langin hetah hian
Ceasar-a ropuina leh a ral do haw lawmin mipui an pung khawm a. He hmunah hian
aienthiam chuan “March ni 15-ah hian fimkhur ang che” (Act 1, Scene I, 7) ti a
Caesara a hrilh lai kan hmu. Scene II ah thung chuan Brutus leh Cassius te
inbiakna hian a thawnthu a hril hle in a lang. Brutus-a thusawi ‘mipuiin
Caesar-a chu an lal atan an thlang ta a ni ang tih ka hlau mang e’ a tih te,
‘Mipui tan a \hat dawn phawt chuan zahawmna hlawh emaw, thih thlenga tawrh emaw
chu inang rengah ka ngai a sin’ a tih te hian Caesar-a nun kal zel tur bakah a
thawnthu kal zel dan tur a hril hle in a hriat theih a ni.
Thu bul phochhuahna
(exposition) kan tih hian lemchana Lan hmasa ber chiah hi a huam emaw kan ti fo
thin. ‘Thu bul phochhuahna chuan thawnthu in\an a\anga tlar (line) 150 vel
thleng hi a huam’ an tih angin he Lemchana Brutus leh Cassius inbiakna pawh hi
thu bul phochhuahna anga pawm theih ni in a lang. Chutiang a nih chuan he
Lemchan a thu bul phochhuaktu chu Act I, Scene I & II hi a ni kan ti thei
ang.
Tin, he Lemchan in\an dan
hian thubul a phochhuak \ha hle niin alang bawk.
b) Rising Action : He thupui
hi chuan buaina a taka a lo thlen chhoh dan a tarlang ber a. Thihna hial emaw,
buaina nasa take maw a inmung chho tawh \hin. Julius Caesar Lemchan ah pawh
hian Rising acton hmuh theih a ni a. Caesara lal atan an duh lohna avng chuan
Brutus leh a \hiante chu an inhmu khawm ta fo mai a, Caesara thah dan tur te
sawi hovin ro an rel \hin a ni. Hetianga Caesara duh lo tute ziangah hian Casca
te, Cassius te, Metellus te, Decius te, Trebonius te, Cinna te an tel a.
Hetianga thu an ngaihtuah lai vel leh Caesara ngei pawhin vauna leh thurawn tam
tak a dawn hunlai hi Act II ah hmuh theih a ni. Rising action hi complication
ti pawhin sawi a ni \hin.
c) Climax : Buaina leh
harsatna vawrtawp kan tih \hin kha a ni. He Lemchan bulpui ber chu Caesar-a a
nih avangin Caesara chunga harsatna vawrtawp/thihna lo thleng hi he Lemchan
climax kan ti lo thei loving. Brutus-a te ruahmanna anga engkim a kal hnu chuan
Caesara chu thah a nit a a. Capitol tualah
Rome mi ropui Caesara chu a boral ta a ni. He Lemchan ah hian changtuber
hi sawi hleih theih a nil ova. Caesara hi protagonist a nih rualin Brutus pawh
hi chuti ang chu ni in a lang vet ho
bawk.Eng pawh ni se Act III a Caesara thah a ni hi he thawnthu vawrtawp
(climax) a ni tih loh theih a ni lovang.
d) Falling Action :
Resolution/ falling action an tih ber chu protagonist te harsatna leh buaina
chinfel a nih chhoh dan a ni ber a. He thawnthu ah hian Brutus leh a \hiante
Rome chhuahsan a\angin he thil hi hmuh theih in a awm \an. Caesara kaiza vengtu
ber Antiny chuan Caesar-a thah a nit a mai chu a ngai thiam thei ngang lova,
mipui hnena Caesara tana phuba lak duhna chi tuh pahin sipai a khawm a, Brutus
te tlan chhia chu a umzui ta hial a nih kha. Hetah hian Antony bakah Lepidus
te, Octavius te pawh kan hmu a, ruahmanna fel tak nen Brutus leh a \hiante chu
thah ngei an tum zia Act IV ah a lang a ni.
e) Conclusion : Conclusion
chuan chhiatna leh hlimna lama tawp a huam ve ve a, thawnthu tawp dan kimchang
tarlanna a ni. He Lemchan ah hian Philippi indona tual zawla Brutus te leh
Antony te indo dank an hmu a. Heta Antony te hnehna chan tak dan te hi thawnthu
tawp dan a nih tak avangin conclusion hian a huam a ni.
IV.II Character
Shakespeare hian a Lemchan hrang
hrangah Character hi a ngaih pawimawh pakhat a ni kan ti thei ang. A tragedy
leh Comedy Lemchan te hian character hran hlat an nei \hin hi Shakespeare
danglamna lian tak pakhat pawh a ni bawk. Shakespeare hian a Lemchan ziah tam
zawkah chuan mihring nun hi a hlutin a ngai pawimawh hle a, \ul tawpah lo chuan
thihna hi a thlen tir vak ngai lo. Chutih lai chuan he Lemchan hi chuan thihna
a keng tam hle thung a, a lemchana mi pawimawh tak tak bakah pawisawi lo
Portia-i leh hla phuah thiam Cinna thlengin an chungah thihna a thlen tir a ni.
Lemchanah hian a
changtu (character) te hi Lemchan \hat leh \hat loh hriltu pawimawh tak an ni.
Shakespeare hian hei hi a uluk hle a, a changtu hrang hrang te hi mihring rilru
ngil tak nei angin a din \hin. He Lemchan ah ngei pawh hian Brutus bakah Antony
thleng pawhin thil dik zawk a nih phawt chuan pawm thiam thei tur mizia an nei
tih tarlan a ni a. hei hian nunze dik tak, mihring chhungrila awm chu a phawrh
chhuak chiang hle ni in a lang a ni.
He lemchanah hian
mipui ni lo lemchangtu dang mi sawmthum bawr vel kan hmu a. A pawimawh leh
langsar deuhte chu Caesar, Brutus, Cassius, Antony, Casca, Cassius, Metellus,
Decius, Trebonius, Octavius, Cinna te leh roreltu midang lo lang te hi an ni
awm e.
Shakespeare-a hian lemchan thawnthu-a a changtu aduante
hi mi chi hrang hrang, dinhmun in ang lo tak tak an ni tlangpui a. Lal leh
roreltu te, mi chhia leh mi ropui tlengin a hmang dun \hin (K.C Vannghaka, 210).
He lemchanah pawh hian Lal leh roreltute piah lamah pheikhawk siamtu, hla phuah thiam leh
Aienthiam thlengin kan hmu a, heng mi hrang hrang te hian an mahni theihna leh
thiamna hmang \angkaiin thawnthu ah an pawimawhna an tarlang vek a ni.
He lemchana
protagonist ber pakhat Julius Caesar-a hi mahni indahsang tak a ni tih kan hmu
a (Act II, Scence II, 44), “Caesar-a chuan thil a tihsual ve loh avangin a
chhan \ha tawk a awm loh chuan a lungawi mai lovang tih hre ta che” tiin
Metellus-a hnena a sawi hian chu chu a tichiang thawkhat hle awm e. Tin, Caesara
hi rilru leh taksa lama hrisel lo tak niin he lemchanah hian kan hmu a (Act I,
Scence II, 10). A beng pakhat chu a chhet a ni tih kan hmu bawk.
Extraordinary character/ protagonist pakhat ni a lang Brutus-a
thung hi chu ram leh hnam vei mi tak, khawtlang hmangaihna ngah tak leh mahni
nawmna leh chhungte aia ram tana mi inpe ni in kan hmu thung a. Chutih laiin a nupui
hnenah pawh an thil tum a sawi duh loh zia te leh “ Kei aia manganna tuar thiam
hi an awm bik lovang” (Act IV, Scene III, 100) tia a sawi a\ang te hian mahni
inthunun thei tak a nih zia chiang takin kan hmu bawk. Heng hian hruaitu
dinhmun a tlin zia an tarlan bakah Cinna’n Cassius hnena a thusawi ‘I lokal
tlai bawk e,mahse maw Cassius mi ropui Brutus chu kan lam \ang tura I hmin
theih dawn phawt chuan a pawilo’ (Act I, Scene III) ti a a sawi hian
Brutus a pawimawhna leh hruaitu a tana an duh zia a tarlang kan ti thei ang.
An ni pahnih bakah
hian Static character pakhat kan hmu bawk a, chu chu Antony a ni. Antony hi a
tir a\angin Caesara tan a rinawm em em a, thah a niha Rome mi ropui Brutus meuh
pawhin Caesara chu Rome tana mi \ha lo a nihzia a hrilh hnuah pawh Antony chuan
Caesara ruang chu a \ah a, Caesara tan thih huamin phuba a la ta a nih kha.
Antony hian mize nghet tak mai a nei a, chu chuan mihring nuna hmangaihna leh
rinawmna nasa takin a tarlang kan ti thei ang.
An ni bakah hian mi
chi hrang hrang, thiam leh theih zawng in ang lo tak tak te, mizia in ang lo
tak tak te kan hmu a. Mipui rilru sukthlek diktak ni awm taka Brutus thusawi
laia Brutus-a lama \ang, Antony thusawi laia Antony lama \ang mipui mizia kan
hmu te hian Shakespeare-a character din thiam zia leh chungchuan zia an tarlang
a ni. Heng mi hrang hrang te hian he thawnthu hi an tihlu a, an tiropui a ni.
IV. III Dialoque
Mihring piang tawh zinga \anwgkam thiam ber hi thlang
dawn ta ilang’ William Shakespeare hi pakhatna a nih a rinawm. Hei vang hi em
ni K.C Vannghaka chuan ‘Shakespeare-a \awngkam hi Bible tih lovah chuan mite
lakchhawn (quote) tam ber a ni” a ti hial (Literatur Kawngpui, 212).
Shakespeare hian \awngkam mawi leh ril hman a thiam em em a, a lar chhan ber
pakhat pawh a ni awm e. A \awngkam thiamna avang hian ‘Sweet’ tih a hlawh phah
hial reng a, Brouming chuan ‘heng Lemchana \awngkam mawi a hman te hi chhawk
vek tai la, Shakespeare-a hlutna hi a nep vek ang” a ti nghe nghe a ni
(Literature Kawngpui, 212).
Inbiakna \awngkam hi Lemchan hmanraw pawimawh tak a ni a.
Inbiakna \awngkam a\ang hian chetzia tel kher lo pawhin duh zawng te, duh loh
zawng te, ngaihdan leh tum dante pawh a hriat theih \hin a. Mihring mize hriat
theihna awlsam ber a ni bawk. He inbiakna \awngkam hi mihring inlaichinna
siamtu hmanraw pawimawh tak a ni a, inbiakna tel lo chuan Lemchan pawh a chiang
thei tak tak lo a ni.
|awngkam hman hi a hun leh a hmun a zirin a anglam nasa
thei hle a, naupang inbiakna leh tar inbiakna \awngkam phei chu a in ang thei
lo hial a ngaih a ni a. Lemchan ziak thiam leh thiam lo tehna \ha tak pakhat a
ni bawk. Shakespeare hian \awngkam hi a dah chungnung hle a, chhia leh \ha
hriatna fim tak hmangin a duang \hin ni in a lang.
He lemchana an inbiakna \awngkam kan hmuhte pawh hi a hun
leh a hmun a zirin a danglam hle hlawm a, a sawitu a zirin an \awngkam duhzawng
a dang hle hlawm bawk. Caesar-a chu mi ropui a nih piah lamah mi chapo ve tawk
tak a nih zia pawh ama \awngkam ngei a\angin alang a, “Min tih\haihtu leh vau
zam tumtu chuan ka hnunglam chauh lo chu a hmu ngai lo vang. Caesar-a hmel an
hmuh phawt chuan an bo leh duak \hin” (Act II, Scenc II, 44) ti a a sawi te
hian a mizia a tarlang chiang hle a, entirna \ha tak a ni. Cassiusa mizia
Ceasar-a’n a sawi, “Lehkha a chhiar tam hle a, enthlatu fing tak, mi thiltihte
chik zet maia lo thlir rengtu a ni a” (Act I, Scenc II, 14) tia a sawite hian
Cassius-a mizia tur chu chiang takin min hrittir thei hial a ni.
Lemchan thawnthu a \awngkam hman te hian inbiakna piah
lamah zirtir emaw thufing emaw an keng tel chawk a, helam ah hian Shakespeare
hi a ropui leh zual ni in alang. Act II
Scenc II a Caesar-a \awngkam, “Mi dawizep chu a hnukchah hmain vawi duai
lo a thi \hin! Pasl\ha erawh chuan \um khat bak thihna a tem ngai lo thung”
(45) tih kan hmuh te hian lemchana \awngkam pawimawh zia an tarlang a ni. Tin,
Cassius-a’n “Mihringte hi a chang chuan mahni chanvo leh kan hun tawng tur
hriltu ah kan \ang thei fo zu nia!” (Act I, Scence II, 12) a tih te hi mihring
nun en na \ha tak, thufing leh ril tak a ni tih alang chiang hle awm e.
A tlangpui thua thlirin he Lemchan a inbiakna \awngkam te
hi a \ha tawk hle hlawm a. Thenkhat sei tak tak, a sawitu leh ngaithlatu tan
pawha hriatthiam leh hriatkim harsa deuh lai chu awm mahse Shakespeare-a’n
inbiakna \awngkam, mi hrang hrang sawi chhuah tur atana a chhawochhuah te hi a
\ha tawk hle hlawm a. An mizia leh dinhmun a zirin an \awngkam a vuah thiam
hlawm hle ni in a lang thei a ni.
IV. IV Conflict
Conflict chu lemchan thawnthua a changtu (character)
pahnih emaw a aia tam emaw inrem lohna tiin a sawi theih ang. Harsatna leh
buaina lo thleng bakah a thawnthu tingaihnawm tu ber chu conflict hi a ni a. He
Lemchan ah pawh hian harsatna leh buaina nasa tak kan hmu a, heng hian he
thawnthu hi a tingaihnawm in thawnthu tluangtlam leh kalkhat tur a veng a ni.
He lemchana buaina lian ber chu Caesar-a chungchang hi a
ni a, Brutus leh a \hian te chuan Caesar-a chu Rome lal a nih mai an hlau a,
tichuan buaina siamin thihna hial a thlen phah a nih kha. Hetiang buaina mai
piah lamah rilru insual leh ngaihdan inpersan vang hrim hrim a innghirnghona
thleng thei te hi conflict chuan a huam vek a. Chutiang a nih reng laiin
lemchana a changtute zawng zawng erawh kan tehkim sen \hin loh avangin he
conflict hi main character te lakah the a ni ber \hin a ni.
Grik mifing Aristotle phei chuan conflict hi angai
pawimawh hle a, Greek ho hunlaia lemchana an ngaih pawimawh em em ‘Catharsis
leh Hamartia te \obul kha a ni thei hial ang (Literature Lamtluang, 170). He
conflict chhunga Catharsis leh Hamartia awm te lo thlir leh thuak I la,
a) Catharsis : Catharsis chu
‘lainatna leh hlauhna’ (pity and fear) tih a ni a. Lemchan lo thlirtu mipui te
rilru sukthlek ber kan ti thei ang chu. He Lemchan ah hian Lal ni mai tur
Caesar-a chu r^wng taka thah a ni a, a that tu leh thil dik ti nia lang Brutus
te lah chu indona tualzawl ah Antony lakah an tlawm leh lawi bawk si a. Hetih
lai hian Caesara leh Brutus lo khawngaih em em tu leh lo lainattu hi thil awm
tei tak a ni a, chu chu Catharsis chu a ni. Hetih lai hian Lemchan dangah chuan
Catharsis hian landan dang a nei deuh a, a chang chuan mahni tihsual ni miah lo
avanga a changtute tawrhna hi catharsis in a tum ber chu a ni \hin bawk.
b) Hamartia : hamartia chu
‘tum \helh’ an ti mai \hin. He Lemchan ah hian protagonist pakhat zawk Caesar-a
chuan a ropui belhchhah nan Lal nih a tum niin a lang thei a. Chutih laiin a
mirin em em ten a thihna thang an lo kam a, a awk ta a nih kha. Chutih rual
chuan Brutus-a te pawh in an tum an \helh ve tho bawk a, Caesara thaha zalenna
diktak nen nun an tum laiin leh Rome mipuite tana thil \ha zawk leh dik zawk an
beisei laiin thihna in an chungah thla a zar a, Rome hmelma an nih phah ta zawk
a nih kha. Heti anga rin ang leh beisei ang ni miah lova a changtute chunga
thil lo thleng hi hamartia chu a ni.
IV.V. Theme
Lemchan thawnthu hian laimu leh bulpui an nei \hin a. Chu
laimu (central idea) chu ‘theme’ an ti mai \hin. Theme siamtu pawimawh tak chu
buaina lo chhuah dan leh sut kian dan hi a ni a. Theme chuan mihring nun
inlumleh chhoh dan a tarlang a, zirtir nei \ha (moral) erawh hi chu theme tum
ber a ni lo thung. Chutiang anga thawnthu laimu ni a lang thei Julius Caesar
Lemchan a awm hrang hrang te chu a tlangpui thuak thuak in lo tarlang ila,
a) Thil \ha duhna : He
thawnthu ah hian Brutus hian ram leh mipui tanadik leh \ha zawk tur nia a hriat
avangin Caesar-a hi a phaiar ru/that a. Hei hi a chhan ber chu mi nunrawng leh
chapo Caesar-a Lal a nih ai chuan mipui tana \ha tur midang lal an neih theih
nan a ni. Brutus-a tel lo hi chuan a \hian te hian Caesar-a hi an thah a rinawm
loh va, hei vang hian Brutus-a rilru ‘thil \ha duhna’ hi he thawnthu laimu ber
pakhat chu a ni thei in a hriat a ni.
b) Chapona hi Chhiatna
Kawngka a ni : He lemchana protagonist ber ni a lang Caesar-a hi mi ropui tak
ni mahse lehlam takah mi chapo leh mahni hmasial tak ni in a hriat. He a mizia
hian hmelma a siam phah a, thihna hial a thlen ta ni in a lang bawk. Hei vang
hian he thawnthu a laimu pakhat ah Chapona hi chhiatna kawngka mai a ni tih hi
ni thei in a lang a ni.
c) Ropui um hi hmelma siamna a ni : He thil hi Brutusa
\hian Cassius, Casca, Metellus, Decius, Trebonius, leh Cinna te rilru a lian
ber niin alang. An ni ho hian Caesar-a lal a nih chuan an dinhmun a chhiat an
hlau a, hei vang hian an phiar ru a, an that ta hial a nih kha. Nimahsela
Antony ten phuba an lo la leh ta si a, an tan dam ngaihna leh Rome a khawsak
zui ngaihna a awm ta lo va, an thih phah ve ta
a ni. Hei vang hian ropuina um hi hmelma siamna leh chhiatna mai a ni
tih a tarlang a, he thawnthu laimu pakhat a ni ve thei tlat bawk.
d) Bumna hmel chu a mawi :
Caesar-a thah a nih dawn khan a thattute khan Caesara chu an bum a, Brutus hial
pawhin a thlem chhuak a nih kha. Hei hian inbumna hmel mawi zia a tilang a,
laimu a ngaih theih a nih phah.
e) Thurawn Pawimawhna : A
tir phat a\angin aienthiam chuan Caesara chu march ni 15-a fimkhur turin a chah
a, nimahsela ngaihsak a hlawh lo. Hemi hnu pawh hian ama nupui ngei ngenna pawh
a zah duh lo leh a, a thih phah ta a nih kha. Hei hian midang rin ngam
pawimawhna bakah thurawn \ha pawmthiam \ulna a tarlang a, a thawnthu laimu
pakhat a nih phah a ni.
f) Thu hi Chakna hnar a ni :
Caesar-a chu a thi tawh. A vuina inkhawm ah Antony chuan Caesar-a chhiatna
dah\ha in mipui a fuih pawrh a, psawisawilo hlaphuah thiam Cinna nunna thlengin
a tuar phah a nih kha. Hei hian thu thil tih theihna leh ropuina a tarlang a,
thu hi chakna hnar a nih zia a tilang a ni.
g) Mi ropui pawh lehlam ah
misual a ni thei : Caesar-a leh Brutus te kha lehlam ah chuan mi ropui leh
ngaihsanawm tak, an khua pawhin an chuan leh entawn an ni v eve. Nimahsela an
hnung lamah erawh misual tia chhal theihna tur in thil an tisual v eve a. Hei
hian mi ropui leh mi lian pawh an tluk chhiat theih zia te, misual an lo nih
theih dan te a tarlang a ni.
V. Tragic Flaw
William Shakespeare hian a thawnthu ah Tragic flaw hi a
hamng ngun hle. Tragic flaw kan tih
chuan mahni thil tih dik loh vang leh thu tlukna dik lo siam vanga mahni chunga
chhiatna emaw thihna hial emaw lo thleng hi a huam thei awm e. Shakespaere hian
mihring nun hi a hlut hle a, chhan \ha tak vang lo chuan thihna hial phei chu a
thlen tir ngai mang lo. Chutih laiin hringnun dik tak a phochhuak \hin thung a,
kan chunga chhiatna lo thleng tam ber hi keimahni tih dik loh rah a nihna leh
kan sual vang a nihna hi Shakespeare hian a uar hle a ni. Hei hi hmasang grik
ho pawhin an lo ngai pawimawhin an Lemchan thawnthu ah an lo dah langsar hle ni
in a lang bawk.
He Lemchan ah hian Caesara’n thihna hial a tawh hi ama
thil tih dik loh vang ni in alang. Caesara hi mi ropui tak ni mahse lahlam
takah a chapo in midang a dah hniam hle a, he a mizia hian hmelma tam tak a
siam phah avangin ama tan bawk chu chu a lo let leh a, a thih phah ta hial ni
in a lang. A tir phat a\angin aienthiam hrilh lawkna chu a ngai pawimawh duh lo
nghal phawt a, chutiang zelin thurawn tam tak pawh ama thu tlukna leh chapona
avangin a hnawl zel a, a thih phah ta hial a nih kha.
Lehlamah Brutus leh a \hiante pawhin chutiang chu an tawk
vet ho bawk. Brutus tih loh a thurualpui dangte chuan Caesara an itsik vang leh
an tana \ha tur nia an hriat chauh tih an duh avangin mi nunna hial an chhat a,
nimahsela thil dik lo tak an tih miau avangin a \hiante chu sawi loh ram
hmangaih em em tu Brutus-a hial pawhin a tih phah ta a nih kha. Hetiang kan
hmuh hi tragic flaw kan tih chu a ni.
VI. Protagonist Debate
Protagonist chu Lemchan-a a changtu ber, dinhmun pawimawh
ber luahtu hi a ni awm e. Sawi dan dang chuan Lemchan a Hero/Herion emaw hi an
ni. Protagonist chu character
langsar ber leh pawimawh ber an ni a, antagonist (misual) nen an inkarah
harsatna a thlenga, thihna khawp hial te a ni \hin (Literatur Lamtluang, 164).
He Lemchan Julius
Caesar ah hian a changtu ber chungchangah inhnialna tam tak a awm a. He
lamchana protagonist ber nia lang leh Lemchan kengtu ni bawk Caesar a hi Act
III, Scene I-a a boral daih avang hian inhnialna pawh a tam phah hle niin a
hriat a ni.
He Lemchan ah hian
Caesar-a hi protagonist ber nia a lan lai hian amah hi mi rilru dik lo, Lal
atan pawha mite duh loh leh itsik vang ni hauh lova, mifing Brutus-a meuh
pawhin hruaitu atana a duh loh a nih avang hian protagonist nge a nih
antagonist tih hi inhnialna tam tak a awm a. Chutih rualin buaina thlentu tia
chhal theih Brutus-a thung hi Lemchan a character pawimawh tak nei leh rilru
dik tak ni bawk a nih avanga protagonist nih tir ta mai pawh an tam hle bawk.
Amaherawh chu he Lemchan chik taka han thlir hian
Caesar-a ngei hi protagonist ni in a lang a, a chhan hrang hrang lo thlir I la
:
a) Lemchan Hming : Classical
hunlai ata tawh Lemchan hi mihring hminga ziah a nih reng rengin a changtu ber
hming put tir a ni \hin. He Lemchan hi Caesar-a hming chawia Julius Caesar tih
a nih avang ringawt pawh hian Caesar hi protagonist a ni tih a lang chiang hle.
b) Climax : He Lemchan han
thlir hian a climax lai nia lang chu chhiatna vawrtawp ber Lal ni mai tur
Caesar-a thah a ni hi a ni. Lemchan ruangam indin chhoh danah hrim hrim pawh
Caesar-a thih hi a climax lai tak ni in a lang hliah hliah a, a thih avanga
brutus-a leh a \hiante thah an ni hi chuan falling action lam a pawl mah tawh
zawk a ni.
c) Plot : He thawnthu
ruangam innghahna ber chu Caesar-a chanchin a ni. A tir a\anga a tawp thlengin
thawnthu ruangam zawng zawng hi Caesar-a a\anga in\an in Caesar-a phuba lakna
in a tawp a, hei hian a plot pumpui hi Caesar-a chungchang innghat a nih zia a
tilang a, protagonist a nih zia a pholang tel bawk.
d) Conflict : He lemchana
buaina chhuah chhan ber chu Caesara sual vang ni lovin Caesar-a an itsik vang
zawk a ni. Brutus hian Caesar-a hi a hmelma ni lovin a hmangaih em em a ni tih
a tilang a. Chuth rualin a thu rualpi te chuan Caesar-a hi an lo itsik tlat si
a, hei vang hian Caesar-a a sual vang ai mahin misual te vanga thi a ni tih a
tichiang a, Brutus-a ai mahin protagonist nih hi a phu hrim hrim a ni.
e) Ending : A tawpna thlenga
Brutus-a pawhin Caesar-a a dah chungnun zia kan hmu. “Aw Julius Caesar, i va la
han chak teh cheu ve le! I thlarau chu vak velin kan ngunhnam ngei chu kan hnuk
chattuah i \antir thei tlat mai le!” a han ti te hi Caesara ropui zia leh a
tawp thlenga Caesara pawimawh zia lanna a ni a, hei hian protagonist a nihzia
chu a tarlang chiang hle.
VI. Dramatic Devices
Lemchan hmanrua an tih hi Lemchan tihmuhnawm tur leh
tingaihnawm zual tur atana hmanrua emaw \awngkam emaw an zeh tel hi a ni a.
Chuti ang devices hrang hrang Julius Caesar-a awm, a langsar zualpui te chu lo
thlir thuak thuak I la.
a) Verbal Irony : |awngka
awmze letlinga an sawi luih hi virbal irony hian a huam awm e. Caesar-a vui a
nih khan Antony hian \awngkam tam tak, a letlinga awmze nei fe fe a chhak
chhuak a.Caesar-a fak leh chawimawi tura lokal ni si lo khan a fak ta chiam mai
te,a ruka a hmelma nit a Brutus-a ‘brutus ropui’ tia a han chhal vel te leh a
thusawi tawp lama
“Aw,
dik taka rorel theihna tura Finna Famkim, ramsa mawl takte zingah I tlanbo ta a
ni maw? Mihringte’n ngaihtuah thiamna an tlakchham tak hi le! Rei lo te tal chu
min han chenchilh leh la ka va ti em! Ka thinlung lah chu he kuang chhungah
hian Caesar-a bulah a awm tawh si a, a lokir leh hma chu kei chu ti hian ka awm
tawh mai dawn a ni” (Act III, Scene II)
A
han tit e hian Brutus-a bak a ko lo, Antony chuan Caesar-a tana phuba lak a tum
zia leh Brutus-a chu mi mawl mai a nih tak dan awmze nei takin a sawi chhuak a
ni zawk a ni. Heta Finna Famkim a tih pawh hi engdang ni lovin ‘Brutus’ a tihna
a ni.
b) Disguise : Disquise chu ze
thlak an ti mai \hin a, hmaikawr emaw an mahni nihna hriat theih loh tura
inchei danglamna hi a ni ber. Hetih lai hian he Lemchan ah hian chutiang chiah
chu lang lo mahse disguise ni a ngaih theih a awm a, chu chu Brutus-a leh a
\hiante’n Caesar-a an thah dawn a Caesar-a an bum chhuah dan kha a ni. Caesar-a
chuan march 15 khan chhuah a tum lo zet tawh a, nimahsela dawta bumin hmelma chu
\hian anga inlantirin brutus te khan Caesar-a an thah theih ngei nan ruahmanna
an siam a, an thlem chhuak a nih kha. Kha kha disguise chuan a huam awm e.
c) Soliloqui : He thil hi
Lemchan tualzawla changtute’n anmahni vei, an chanpuite hriat si lova an sawihchuahna
hi a ni. Hetiang hi Act III ah kan hmu a, Antony chuan a \hianpa Caesar-a ruang
bulah thu a chham nual a nih kha.
d) Aside : Aside chu
chantuala lemchangtu tam tak an awm laiin tu in emaw a bula mite hriat ve miah
loh (mipui hriat tur tho si) a thu a sawi rukna hi a ni a. Chu chu Act II,
Scene II ah kan hmu. Trebonius chuan Caesar-a chu a bula a awm ngei tur thu a
tiam hnuah tuma hriat loh turin ‘I \hian \hate ngaihmawh tur khawp hiala hnaiah
ka lo awm ngei ang e’ a ti zeuh a. Hei hi tuman a sawi tih an hre lova, a ruka
a phun sepna a ni. Hetiang hi aside chu a ni a, he Lemchan ah hian hmuhtheih a
ni.
e) Expectation and Surprise
: Rin lawk ang taka thil thleng leh rin
lawk miah lova thil lo thleng hi a ni thei ang chu. Hetiang hi he Lemchan ah
hian kan hmu a, Caesar-a thihna hi a thlirtu tan chuan mak tih vak tur a awm
lo, a chhan chu thil tum lawk leh ruahmanna a awm vang a ni. Chutih rualin
Brutus-a leh a \hianten thil dik lo tak an lo ti a, an thih phah ta hial erawh
hi chu thil mak tak leh rin lawk miah loh a ni a, heng hi devices pakhat anga
chhiar a ni \hin.
f) Number 3 danglam bikna :
He Lemchan ah hian number 3 hian danglamna tak leh dinhmun pawimawh tak a luah.
Ominous number three’ an tih hial hi Julius Caesar Lemchan ah hian hmun tam
takah tarlan a ni a. He number 3 hi hmanlai Greek ho ngaihdan chuan an Thihna
pathian (Pluto) nen inzawmna neiah an ngai a, thihna number an ti hial \hin a
ni. Chung number 3 lanna te chu- Antony khan Caeser kha vawi thum lai Lallukhum
khumtir a tum. Phiar rutute inhmuh khawm kha zing dar 3 ah a tawp.Caesar-a
nupui Calpurnia kha a muttui laiin vawi thum lai a \ap chhuak. Cassius khan
Casca hnenah ‘Brutus hmun lia \hena thum chu kan lamah a awm’ tih a hrilh.
Antony chuan Lepidus deusawh nan ‘Khawvel hi hmun thumah \hen ta I la, hmun
khat vel chang tlak ah I ngai em?” tiin Octavius a zawt.
VII . Tlipna
Heng kan tarlan hrang hrang te hian William Shakespeare-a
Lemchan ziah Julius Caesar chu kil hrang hrang a\angin a thlir a, a \hat tawkna
leh \hat tawk lohna lam ai mahin Lemchan nihphung leh kalphung bakah Lemchan
ziarang a ken te a thlur ber. Heng point hrang hrang a \ang hian he Lemchan hi
Lemchan \ha tak a ni tih erawh a hriat theih thung awm e.
Works Cited
Laldinmawia, H. Literature Lamtlung, Aizawl: Creativenture,
Pune, Maharastra, 2015. Print
Lalrawna, R. Julius Ceasar, Trans. William Shakespere.
Aizawl; Merryland Book House, Bungkawn. Print
Vannghaka, K.C., Literature Kawngpui, Aizawl: Vanhlupuii,
Bawngkawn, 2010. Print.
Bibliography
Laldinmawia.H, Literature Lamtlung, Aizawl: Creativenture,
Pune, Maharastra, 2015. Print
Lalrawna.R, Julius Ceasar, Trans. William Shakespere.
Aizawl; Merryland Bool House, Bungkawn. Print
Vannghaka.KC, Literature Kawngpui, Aizawl: Vanhlupuii,
Bawmhkawn, 2010. Print.
Web Source :
Cumming Study Guide - http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/xJuliusCae.html
Other Source
Class Note.
Hei hi tu siam nge aw?
ReplyDelete